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Muscle heat: a window into the thermodynamics of a molecular machine. | LitMetric

Muscle heat: a window into the thermodynamics of a molecular machine.

Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol

Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and.

Published: February 2016

AI Article Synopsis

  • Muscle contraction involves generating force and movement while also producing heat, which indicates that not all energy from ATP hydrolysis is used for work.
  • This heat stems from two phases: initial metabolism (which includes ATP hydrolysis and quick regeneration using phosphocreatine) and recovery metabolism (which involves ATP production through aerobic and anaerobic processes).
  • Muscle physiologists often categorize heat production into different types: basal, activation, and force dependent, and advancements in measurement techniques have helped clarify these concepts over time.*

Article Abstract

The contraction of muscle is characterized by the development of force and movement (mechanics) together with the generation of heat (metabolism). Heat represents that component of the enthalpy of ATP hydrolysis that is not captured by the microscopic machinery of the cell for the performance of work. It arises from two conceptually and temporally distinct sources: initial metabolism and recovery metabolism. Initial metabolism comprises the hydrolysis of ATP and its rapid regeneration by hydrolysis of phosphocreatine (PCr) in the processes underlying excitation-contraction coupling and subsequent cross-bridge cycling and sliding of the contractile filaments. Recovery metabolism describes those process, both aerobic (mitochondrial) and anaerobic (cytoplasmic), that produce ATP, thereby allowing the regeneration of PCr from its hydrolysis products. An equivalent partitioning of muscle heat production is often invoked by muscle physiologists. In this formulation, total enthalpy expenditure is separated into external mechanical work (W) and heat (Q). Heat is again partitioned into three conceptually distinct components: basal, activation, and force dependent. In the following mini-review, we trace the development of these ideas in parallel with the development of measurement techniques for separating the various thermal components.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00569.2015DOI Listing

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