AI Article Synopsis
- The article explores the role of male factors in early pregnancy, focusing on genetic, immunogenetic, and immunological contributions, such as microchimerism.
- It highlights the impact of infections and inflammation from semen, especially relating to conditions like TORCH syndrome and chlamydiosis, while pointing out many unresolved issues about male factors.
- The review addresses how somatic diseases and sperm DNA integrity affect fertility, emphasizing the need for personalized approaches in assisted reproductive techniques rather than viewing them as a one-size-fits-all solution.
Article Abstract
In the article new aspects of the 'male factor' and its role in early stages of pregnancy are described. Among others, genetic and immunogenetic (KIR/KAR, HLA) factors are underlined as well as immunological ones (e.g. microchimerism). A significant part of this review is dedicated to infectious agents and semen inflammation as well as to the TORCH syndrome and chlamydiosis, concentrating on the male part, in which there are a lot of unclarified consequences. The problem of somatic diseases and general homeostasis of the male and its influence on pregnancy with particular emphasis on previous cryptorchidism is also discussed. The role of sperm DNA integrity in the fertilization process as well as genetic polymorphisms on the male side is emphasised. Particularly, molecular aspects of HLA-G and HLA-C in developmental biology are raised. There is a discussion of the individual approach to assisted reproductive techniques, which cannot be treated as a panacea for infertility treatment, particularly considering early stages of embryonal and fetal development.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/17322693.1179651 | DOI Listing |
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