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A Review of Mendelian Randomization: Assumptions, Methods, and Application to Obesity-Related Diseases.
J Obes Metab Syndr
January 2025
Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
Mendelian randomization (MR) is a statistical method that uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to estimate the causal effect of exposure on an outcome in the presence of unmeasured confounding. In this review, we argue that it is crucial to acknowledge the instrumental variable assumptions in MR analysis. We describe widely used MR methods, using an example from obesity-related metabolic disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCore Concepts: Self-Controlled Designs in Pharmacoepidemiology.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf
January 2025
Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
One of the key challenges in pharmacoepidemiological studies is that of uncontrolled confounding, which occurs when confounders are poorly measured, unmeasured or unknown. Self-controlled designs can help address this issue, as their key comparison is not between people, but periods of time within the same person. This controls for all time-stable confounders (genetics) and in the absence of time-varying confounding negates the need for an external control group.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring the triglyceride-glucose index's role in depression and cognitive dysfunction: Evidence from NHANES with machine learning support.
J Affect Disord
January 2025
Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:
Background: Depression and cognitive impairments are prevalent among older adults, with evidence suggesting potential links to obesity and lipid metabolism disturbances. This study investigates the relationships between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, body mass index (BMI), depression, and cognitive dysfunction in older adults, leveraging data from the NHANES survey and employing machine learning techniques.
Methods: We analysed 1352 participants aged 60-79 from the 2011-2014 NHANES dataset, who underwent cognitive function testing, depression assessments, and TyG index measurements.
Background: Wider availability of cannabis through medical and recreational legalization (MCL alone and RCL+MCL) has been hypothesized to contribute to reductions in opioid use, misuse, and related harms. We examined whether state adoption of cannabis laws was associated with changes in opioid outcomes overall and stratified by cannabis use.
Methods: Using National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data from 2015 to 2019, we estimated cannabis law associations with opioid (prescription opioid misuse and/or heroin use) misuse and use disorder.
The Association Between Maternal Preeclampsia and Risk for Offspring Infectious Diseases-A Sibling Matched Analysis.
Am J Reprod Immunol
January 2025
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
Background: Preeclampsia is a severe, multisystem complication that affects 2%-5% of pregnancies, and is a leading cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Preeclampsia may have devastating results on maternal health and may affect offspring's immediate and long-term health. Previous studies have examined the impact of maternal preeclampsia on the long-term health outcomes of offspring, many of these studies have been limited by confounding factors that could bias the results.
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