Advances in drug therapy have made it possible to cure HCV infection. This article describes how best to screen, diagnose, and counsel these patients.
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MicroRNAs: Small molecules with big impacts in liver injury.
J Cell Physiol
January 2023
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
A type of small noncoding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) fine-tune gene expression posttranscriptionally by binding to certain messenger RNA targets. Numerous physiological processes in the liver, such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, are regulated by miRNAs. Additionally, there is growing evidence that miRNAs contribute to liver pathology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmune Activation Induces Telomeric DNA Damage and Promotes Short-Lived Effector T Cell Differentiation in Chronic HCV Infection.
Hepatology
November 2021
Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.
Background And Aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) leads to a high rate of chronic infection and T cell dysfunction. Although it is well known that chronic antigenic stimulation is a driving force for impaired T cell functions, the precise mechanisms underlying immune activation-induced T cell dysfunctions during HCV infection remain elusive.
Approach And Results: Here, we demonstrated that circulating CD4 T cells from patients who are chronically HCV-infected exhibit an immune activation status, as evidenced by the overexpression of cell activation markers human leukocyte antigen-antigen D-related, glucose transporter 1, granzyme B, and the short-lived effector marker CD127 killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 .
An Exceptional Responder to Nivolumab in Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review of Long-Term Survivors.
Case Rep Oncol Med
December 2019
Department of Hematology/Oncology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
Background: Exceptional responders to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are rare. Furthermore, the optimal duration of immunotherapy in patients who achieve complete remission and the benefit of rechallenge after recurrence remain unknown. Studying the clinical course of exceptional responders can help identify potential predictors of response to immunotherapy and further fine-tune our management algorithms in the absence of standard of care in challenging scenarios.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLiver DCs in health and disease.
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol
April 2020
Medical Department III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany. Electronic address:
Hepatic dendritic cells represent a unique and multifaceted subset of antigen-presenting leukocytes that orchestrate specified immune responses in the liver. They are constantly exposed to antigens and signals derived not only from the hepatic microenvironment and the systemic circulation but also from the portal vein draining the gut and conveying food antigens as well as microbial compounds. Modulated by these various factors they shape intrahepatic immune responses during acute and chronic liver diseases, hepatocellular carcinoma and allograft tolerance as well as systemic responses to gut-derived components.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPalmitoylation of Hepatitis C Virus NS2 Regulates Its Subcellular Localization and NS2-NS3 Autocleavage.
J Virol
December 2019
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 2 (NS2) is a multifunctional protein implicated in both HCV RNA replication and virus particle assembly. NS2-encoded cysteine protease is responsible for autoprocessing of NS2-NS3 precursor, an essential step in HCV RNA replication. NS2 also promotes HCV particle assembly by recruiting envelope protein 2 (E2) to the virus assembly sites located at the detergent-resistant membranes (DRM).
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