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Background: Tail vein injection under short anesthesia is the most commonly used route for administering radiopharmaceuticals. However, the small caliber of the vein in rodents may lead to tracer extravasation and thereby compromise quantitative accuracy of PET. We aimed to evaluate a method for correction of interstitial radiotracer leakage in the context of pre-clinical therapeutic response assessment.
Methods: In two separate studies involving 16 nude rats, a model of human ovarian cancer was xenografted and each was treated with a Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor or used as a control. Tracer injections were performed via the tail vein by a single operator. Two observers qualitatively evaluated the resulting images and if appropriate drew a volume of interest (VOI) over the injection site to record extravasated activities. Uncorrected and corrected tumors' mean standardized uptake value (SUV)mean was computed (corrected injected activity = calibrated activity - decay corrected residual syringe activity - decay corrected tail extravasated activity). Molecular analyses were taken as a gold standard. The frequency and magnitude of extravasation were analyzed, as well as the inter-observer agreement and the impact of the correction method on tumor uptake quantification.
Results: Extravasation never exceeded 20 % of the injected dose but occurred in more than 50 % of injections. It was independent of groups of animals and protocol time points with p values of 1.00 and 0.61, respectively, in the first experiment and 0.47 and 0.13, respectively, in the second experiment. There was a good inter-observer agreement for qualitative analysis (kappa = 0.72) and a moderate agreement when using quantitative analysis (ρ c = 0.94). In both experiments, there was significant difference between uncorrected and corrected SUVmean. Despite this significant difference, mean percent differences between uncorrected and corrected SUVmean in the first and the second experiments were -3.61 and -1.78, respectively. Concerning therapy assessment, in both experiments, significant differences in median %SUVmean between control and treated groups were observed over all time points with either uncorrected and corrected data (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Although extravasation is common and can be reproducibly corrected, this is probably not required for validation of response to drugs that induce large SUV changes. However, further studies are required to evaluate the impact of extravasation in situations where less marked metabolic responses are observed or important extravasations occur.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635168 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13550-015-0141-z | DOI Listing |
Korean J Ophthalmol
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Purpose: This study evaluated the objective changes in the contralateral eye after unilateral cataract surgery.
Methods: The study was designed as retrospective observational study. It included 44 patients who underwent unilateral cataract surgery.
Int J Cardiol Congenit Heart Dis
September 2024
Royal Brompton Hospital, Part of Guys St Thomas NHS Trust, and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is defined as increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). It can be associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) with the following subtypes: 1) uncorrected left-to-right (L-R) intracardiac shunt leading to overload of the pulmonary circulation and a progressive increase of PVR; 2) Eisenmenger syndrome, appearing when a large post-tricuspid shunt is left uncorrected and pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) is severe, so the shunt becomes bidirectional or right-to-left, causing cyanosis; 3) PAH after shunt closure, when PVR arises after a defect correction; and 4) PAH associated with small or coincidental defects. While the treatment of patients with Eisenmenger syndrome is well established, the treatment of patients with PAH in whom there is a L-R shunt (with no cyanosis) remains unclear and requires expertise.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSurv Ophthalmol
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
Systematic review and meta-analysis We assessed the efficacy of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and penetrating (PK) for macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) We searched on 4 databases for articles published up to the end of April 2024. The study's outcome was postoperative visual acuity and other factors that may affect visual outcomes (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCereb Cortex
December 2024
Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado Ct., San Diego, CA 92120, United States.
Middle-aged and older adults with autism spectrum disorder may be susceptible to accelerated neurobiological changes in striato- and thalamo-cortical tracts due to combined effects of typical aging and existing disparities present from early neurodevelopment. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we employed diffusion-weighted imaging and automated tract-segmentation to explore striato- and thalamo-cortical tract microstructure and volume differences between autistic (n = 29) and typical comparison (n = 33) adults (40 to 70 years old). Fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and tract volumes were measured for 14 striato-cortical and 12 thalamo-cortical tract bundles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Ophthalmol
December 2024
Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Almohafza St. Mailbox: 82511, Sohag, 82511, Egypt.
Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of implanting two symmetrical Kerarings via a femtosecond laser in grade three keratoconus.
Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective nonrandomized controlled clinical study. The study included one eye from each of twenty-three patients, all with Grade 3 keratoconus as classified by the Amsler-Krumeich classification.
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