Asymptomatic progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy during natalizumab therapy with treatment.

J Clin Neurosci

Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, The University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, 4th Floor, A Block, QEII Medical Centre, Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Electronic address:

Published: March 2016

We report a case of asymptomatic progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) detected on regular MRI screening in a 40-year-old patient with subsequent benign course with 12 months follow-up. The patient had a history of aggressive inflammatory multiple sclerosis, prior mitoxantrone therapy, Stratify John Cunningham Virus test positivity (Quest Diagnostics, Madison, NJ, USA), and 5 years of natalizumab monotherapy. The initial MRI detection of PML was both atypical and subtle. Early diagnosis and intervention, and pre-emptive treatment for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with high dose steroids, as well as empirical mirtazapine and mefloquine, were associated with a benign PML disease course and outcome.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2015.08.027DOI Listing

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