Since its discovery, the Phe-Phe motif has gained in popularity as a minimalist building block to drive the self-assembly of short peptides and their analogues into nanostructures and hydrogels. Molecules based on the Phe-Phe motif have found a range of applications in nanomedicine, from drug delivery and biomaterials to new therapeutic paradigms. Here we discuss the various production methods for this class of compounds, and the characterization, nanomorphologies, and application of their self-assembled nanostructures. We include the most recent findings on their remarkable properties, which hold substantial promise for the creation of the next generation nanomedicines.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules201119658 | DOI Listing |
Nanoscale
June 2024
Chemical Pharmaceutical Science Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
Insulin fibrillation is a problem for diabetic patients that can occur during storage and transport, as well as at the subcutaneous injection site, with loss of bioactivity, inflammation, and various adverse effects. Tripeptides are ideal additives to stabilise insulin formulations, thanks to their low cost of production and inherent cytocompatibility. In this work, we analysed the ability of eight tripeptide stereoisomers to inhibit the fibrillation of human insulin .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
June 2024
Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China.
The presence of bacteria in tumor results in chemotherapeutic drug resistance and weakens the immune response in colorectal cancer. To overcome bacterium-induced chemotherapeutic drug resistance and potentiate antitumor immunity, herein a novel molecule Biotin-Lys(SA-Cip-OH)-Lys(SA-CPT)-Phe-Phe-Nap (Biotin-Cip-CPT-Nap) is rationally designed containing four functional motifs (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Bio Mater
February 2023
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054, India.
Dipeptides are minimalistic peptide building blocks that form well ordered structures through molecular self-assembly. The driving forces involved are cooperative noncovalent interactions such as π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and ionic as well as hydrophobic interactions. One of the most intriguing self-assembled motifs that has been extensively explored as a low molecular weight hydrogel for drug delivery, tissue engineering, imaging and techtonics, etc.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biomed Nanotechnol
April 2022
School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
Herein, we designed a nano peptide that contains three important motifs for targeting the chemotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CL) which is the enzyme responsible for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication. The novel nano peptide contains the Nap Phe-Phe motif that is responsible for peptide self-assembly, an octapeptide (Ser-Ala-Val-Leu-Gln-Ser-Gly-Phe) motif where the enzyme recognizes the substrate and induces enzyme sensitivity, and a tetrapeptide motif which is positively charged containing the peptide (Lys)₄ that facilitates penetration into a cell. The nano peptide was characterized using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H-NMR) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) to confirm its structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
July 2022
State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
Metastasis-induced high mortality of cancers urgently demands new approaches to simultaneously inhibit primary tumor metastasis and distant tumor growth. Herein, by rational design of a trident molecule Nap-Phe-Phe-Lys(SA-CPT)-Lys(SA-HCQ)-Tyr(HPO)-OH (---) with three functional "spears" (i.e.
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