Background: Since 2001, we have observed patients with a clinical picture consistent with West Nile virus (WNV) infection, which was defined as nonprimary infection (NPI) owing to the presence of highly elevated serum immunoglobulin G antibody titers with a high avidity index (≥ 55%), absent or low titers of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulin M, and occasionally positive results of WNV-specific real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of CSF and/or blood specimens.
Methods: We investigated 124 patients with a diagnosis of primary WNV infection (PI) or NPI during 2005-2007 at Sheba Medical Center (Tel-Hashomer, Israel). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of variables with PI and NPI and with in-hospital mortality.
Results: A total of 68 and 50 patients with PI and NPI, respectively were included; 6 patients had incomplete data. In multivariate models, NPI was significantly associated with underlying psychiatric disorders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 13.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.28-82.56; P = .004), hospitalization during winter and spring (aOR, 8.82; 95% CI, 1.59-48.87; P = .013), and fever (aOR, 0.61; 95% CI, .39-.95; P = .031). In-hospital mortality was significantly associated with NPI (aOR, 3.86; 95% CI, 1.12-13.28; P = .032) and a higher Charlson comorbidity index (aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.03-1.83; P = .032).
Conclusions: The possibility that NPI may be an emerging clinical entity with a high mortality rate must be considered seriously.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiv507 | DOI Listing |
Biochem Pharmacol
January 2025
West China School of Pharmacy, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China. Electronic address:
The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) keeps rising with only a few drugs available. The present study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of cordycepin on MASLD. Male C57BL/6 mice were induced with a 90-day high-fat diet (HFD) and intraperitoneal administration with streptozotocin to establish MASLD murine model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF: West Nile virus (WNV) is a rapidly growing problem worldwide. The lack of emergency treatment and a safe licensed vaccine against WNV allows the virus to cause sporadic outbreaks of human disease, including fatal cases. Formalin-inactivated vaccines have been used for a long time and have been shown to be very safe and effective, especially in susceptible populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroorganisms
December 2024
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Biomedical and Health Sciences School, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain.
West Nile Virus (WNV) is a zoonotic, vector-borne pathogen affecting humans and animals, particularly in Europe. The virus is primarily transmitted through mosquitoes that infect birds, which serve as the main reservoirs. Humans and horses are incidental hosts.
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December 2024
Department of Biology, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
The West Nile virus (WNV) has recently become more widespread, posing a threat to both human and animal health. In Western Europe, most outbreaks have been caused by WNV lineage 1, while in Eastern Europe, WNV lineage 2 has led to human and bird mortality. The ability to appropriately manage this threat is dependent on integrated surveillance and early detection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathogens
December 2024
Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece.
Background: West Nile Virus [WNV] is a mosquito-borne flavivirus. It has spread globally, causing asymptomatic to severe neurological diseases in humans, with an increased risk in older adults and those with underlying conditions. This review examines WNV's impact on pregnancy, focusing on maternal and neonatal symptoms and risks.
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