AI Article Synopsis
- Myopia is a growing global health issue, especially in East Asia, with potential severe complications and economic impacts if not addressed.
- Increasing outdoor time for children is shown to help prevent early-onset myopia, possibly due to factors like brighter light, the nature of daylight, or vitamin D levels.
- The review explores biological mechanisms linking outdoor time to myopia prevention, as well as other environmental influences like near work habits and parental factors.
Article Abstract
Myopia is a significant public health problem worldwide, particularly in East Asian countries. The increasing prevalence of myopia poses a huge socio-economic burden and progressive high myopia can lead to sight-threatening ocular complications. Hence, the prevention of early-onset myopia progressing to pathological high myopia is important. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that increased outdoor time is an important modifiable environmental factor that protects young children from myopia. This protective effect may be due to high light intensity outdoors, the chromaticity of daylight or increased vitamin D levels. This review summarises the possible underlying biological mechanisms for the protective association between time outdoors and myopia, including the potential role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in refractive error development. Recent evidence for the role of other environmental risk factors such as near work, birth seasons, parental smoking and birth order are also summarised.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cxo.12346 | DOI Listing |
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