During early stages of development vertebrates rely on an immature immune system to fight pathogens, but in non mammalian species few studies have taken an in-depth analysis of the transition from reliance on innate immune mechanisms to the appearance of adaptive immunity. Using rainbow trout as a model we characterized responses to two natural pathogens of this species, the Gram negative bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida and the virus VHSV, using microarray analysis at four early life history stages; eyed egg, post hatch, first feeding and three weeks post first feeding when adaptive immunity starts to be effective. All stages responded to both infections, but the complexity of the response increased with developmental stage. The response to virus showed a clear interferon response only from first feeding. In contrast, bacterial infection induced a marked response from early stages, with modulation of inflammatory, antimicrobial peptide and complement genes across all developmental stages. Whilst the viral and bacterial responses were distinct, there were modulated genes in common, mainly of general inflammatory molecules. This work provides a first platform to explore the development of fish immunity to infection, and to compare the age-dependent changes (from embryo to adults) across vertebrates.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep15458 | DOI Listing |
Pediatr Dermatol
January 2025
Department of Dermatology of Hospital, Universitario Virgen de Valme, Sevilla, Spain.
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Sci Rep
January 2025
Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) Receptor 1 (CX3CR1) primarily mediates the chemotaxis and adhesion of immune cells. However, its role in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced early-stage liver cirrhosis remains unexplored. GSE15654 was downloaded from the GEO database.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpigenetics Chromatin
January 2025
Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, INRAE USC 1361, Bron, F-69500, France.
Post-translational modifications of histone H3 on lysine 9, specifically acetylation (H3K9ac) and tri-methylation (H3K9me3), play a critical role in regulating chromatin accessibility. However, the role of these modifications in lineage segregation in the mammalian blastocyst remains poorly understood. We demonstrate that di- and tri-methylation marks, H3K9me2 and H3K9me3, decrease during cavitation and expansion of the rabbit blastocyst.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Gastroenterol
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Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi
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Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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