Background: Enterobius vermicularis is the most highly prevalent intestinal worm in childhood and is generally considered of low pathogenicity. Little is known about the inflammatory complications of the female genital tract induced by E. vermicularis in childhood.
Case: A case of E. vermicularis-associated pelvic inflammatory disease with right salpingitis mimicking acute abdomen due to appendicitis in an 11-year-old girl is presented.
Conclusion: E. vermicularis-related pelvic inflammatory disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in children. Increased awareness is necessary to avoid an unnecessary surgery and to choose the correct antibiotic treatment.
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