Objective: To study the effects of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and high-fat diet on the growth, lipid metabolism, and related hepatic genes in rat offspring.
Methods: The rat model of IUGR was established by food restriction during the entire pregnancy. After weaning, 32 normal rats and 24 offspring rats with IUGR were randomly allocated to standard diet group or high-fat diet group. At the age of 10 weeks, fasting plasma glucose and blood lipid were examined. Additionally, pathological sections for hepatic tissues were observed, and the transcriptional levels of related hepatic genes were measured.
Results: At the age of 10 weeks, there was a significant difference in body weight between IUGR rats and normal rats on standard diets, but no significant difference in body weight was observed between the two groups on high-fat diets. Compared with the normal rats, IUGR rats showed increased energy intake and increased levels of fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride on both standard and high-fat diets. High-fat diets reduced the concentration of serum triglyceride in both normal rats and IUGR rats. IUGR and high-fat diets aggravated the fat accumulation in the liver. Two-factor analysis of variance showed that at the age of 10 weeks, the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver, PGC-1α, CPT-1, SREBF-2, HMGR, LDLR and SREBF-1, differed significantly between IUGR and normal rats. Compared with standard diets, high-fat diets increased the expression of PPARα, SREBF-1, SREBF-2, ABCG5, and CYP7A1 in both normal rats and IUGR rats. IUGR and high-fat diets had an interactive effect on LDLR expression.
Conclusions: Hyperlipidemia and fat accumulation in the liver observed in IUGR rats may be related to increased appetite and regulation disorder in genes related to fatty acid oxidation at the transcriptional level. High-fat diets may aggravate fat accumulation in the liver in rats, which may be related to increased expression of genes related to regulation of fatty acid synthesis at the transcriptional level and reduction in secretion of triglyceride.
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