Background: Each newborn enters this world facing tremendous respiratory, hemodynamic and neuroendocrine challenges while going through drastic physiological changes during the process of adaption from fetal to postnatal life. Even though the vast majority of term infants transition smoothly without apparent consequences, this task becomes increasingly arduous for the extremely preterm infant.
Methods & Results: This article reviews the physiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular adaptation of the very preterm neonate. In particular it describes the physiology of fetal circulation, summarizes the hemodynamic changes occurring during preterm births and discusses the impact of the most frequently seen clinical scenarios that place additional burden on the premature infant during immediate transition. Finally an emphasis is placed on discussing common clinical dilemmas and practical aspects of developmental hemodynamics such as neonatal hypotension and patent ductus arteriosus; clinical presentations the neonatologist encounters on a daily basis.
Conclusion: The review provides a physiology-based view on the hemodynamics of the immediate postnatal transitional period.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2015.07.002 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Airway pressure as a predictor of cardiac output reduction in prone position spine surgery: A prospective observational study.
J Formos Med Assoc
January 2025
National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch Hsin-Chu Hospital, Taiwan. Electronic address:
Background: The prone position is commonly used in surgical procedures and is known to cause significant hemodynamic changes, particularly a reduction in cardiac output. This study aimed to explore the relationship between intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), airway pressure, and cardiac output during spine surgeries under general anesthesia.
Methods: Twenty-five patients undergoing elective spine surgery in the prone position were enrolled in this prospective observational study.
Image-Based Analysis of Correlation Between Valve Stent Deformation and Valve Function in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.
Catheter Cardiovasc Interv
January 2025
Department of Cardiac Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Background And Objectives: Currently, there remains a paucity of research on the deformation and valve function of transcatheter heart valves (THV) in patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). This study aimed to thoroughly explore the correlation between THV deformation and postoperative hemodynamics in these patients.
Methods: In this study, we assessed 39 AR patients treated with the J-Valve THV system during TAVR.
Characteristics of transition to turbulence in a healthy thoracic aorta using large eddy simulation.
Sci Rep
January 2025
University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 680-749, Republic of Korea.
This study employed large eddy simulation (LES) with the wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity (WALE) model to investigate transitional flow characteristics in an idealized model of a healthy thoracic aorta. The OpenFOAM solver pimpleFoam was used to simulate blood flow as an incompressible Newtonian fluid, with the aortic walls treated as rigid boundaries. Simulations were conducted for 30 cardiac cycles and ensemble averaging was employed to ensure statistically reliable results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathophysiology of Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Lung Diseases and/or Hypoxia.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
Pulmonary hypertension associated with lung diseases and/or hypoxia is classified as group 3 in the clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. The efficacy of existing selective pulmonary vasodilators for group 3 pulmonary hypertension is still unknown, and it is currently associated with a poor prognosis. The mechanisms by which pulmonary hypertension occurs include hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, pulmonary vascular remodeling, a decrease in pulmonary vascular beds, endothelial dysfunction, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), inflammation, microRNA, and genetic predisposition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMeasurement of pressure dependent variations in local pulse wave velocity within a cardiac cycle from forward travelling pulse waves.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
The local pulse wave velocity (PWV) from large elastic arteries and its pressure-dependent changes within a cardiac cycle are potential biomarkers for cardiovascular risk stratification. However, pulse wave reflections can impair the accuracy of local PWV measurements. We propose a method to measure pressure-dependent variations in local PWV while minimizing the influence of pulse wave reflections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!