Ecological paradigms to understand the dynamics of metastasis.

Cancer Lett

Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N Wolfe St., Marburg Building rm 105, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

Published: September 2016

The process by which prostate cancer cells non-randomly disseminate to the bone to form lethal metastases remains unknown. Metastasis is the ultimate consequence of the long-range dispersal of a cancer cell from the primary tumor to a distant secondary site. In order to metastasize, the actively emigrating cell must move. Movement ecology describes an individual's migration between habitats without the requirement of conscious decision-making. Specifically, this paradigm describes four interacting components that influence the dynamic process of metastasis: (1) the microenvironmental pressures exerted on the cancer cell, (2) how the individual cell reacts to these external pressures, (3) the phenotypic switch of a cell to gain the physical traits required for movement, and (4) the ability of the cancer cell to navigate to a specific site. A deeper understanding of each of these components will lead to the development of novel therapeutics targeted to interrupt previously unidentified steps of metastasis.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4826855PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2015.10.005DOI Listing

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