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Associations of Maternal Salivary Cortisol and Psychological Symptoms With Human Milk's Microbiome Composition.
Psychosom Med
January 2025
From the Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Objective: Human milk (HM) is considered the best source of infant nutrition with many benefits for the infant. However, pregnancy changes can lead to increased stress in some women, which might affect HM composition. Although studies have demonstrated a link between maternal psychopathology and child development, it remains unclear how maternal psychobiological changes can be intergenerationally transmitted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCortisol awakening response prompts dynamic reconfiguration of brain networks in emotional and executive functioning.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & International Data Group/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Emotion and cognition involve an intricate crosstalk of neural and endocrine systems that support dynamic reallocation of neural resources and optimal adaptation for upcoming challenges, an active process analogous to allostasis. As a hallmark of human endocrine activity, the cortisol awakening response (CAR) is recognized to play a critical role in proactively modulating emotional and executive functions. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of such proactive effects remain elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociations between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormone levels, major depression features and antidepressant effects of ketamine.
J Affect Disord
December 2024
Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address:
Background: Subanesthetic doses of (R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) have demonstrated rapid and robust antidepressant effects in individuals with depression. However, individual variability in response to ketamine exists, and current biomarkers of ketamine treatment response are not entirely understood. Preclinical evidence suggests a link between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, a determinant of the stress response system, and ketamine's efficacy in stressed mice exhibiting enhanced antidepressant responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurobiological stress markers in educational research: A systematic review of physiological insights in health science education.
Trends Neurosci Educ
December 2024
Center for Medical Education, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
Background: Traditional self-reported measures in health science education often overlook the physiological processes underlying cognitive and emotional responses.
Purpose: This review aims to analyze the frequency, sensitivity, and utility of physiological markers in understanding cognitive and emotional dynamics in learning environments.
Methods: A systematic PubMed search identified 156 records, with 13 studies meeting inclusion criteria.
Glucocorticoids and HPA axis regulation in the stress-obesity connection: A comprehensive overview of biological, physiological and behavioural dimensions.
Clin Obes
December 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Chronic stress, characterized by increased long-term exposure to the glucocorticoid hormone cortisol, is increasingly linked to obesity development. Still, various knowledge gaps persist, including on underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The aim of the current review is to provide the latest insights on the connection between stress and obesity.
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