Background: The Token Test for Children (2nd edition) (TTFC) is a measure for assessing receptive language. In this study we describe the translation process, validity and reliability of the Arabic Token Test for Children (A-TTFC).
Aims: The aim of this study is to translate, validate and establish the reliability of the Arabic Token Test for Children (A-TTFC) for the purpose of assessing Arabic-speaking children with receptive language problems.
Methods & Procedures: The translation of the A-TTFC complied with the international translation procedures guidelines. After a multiple step translation process the A-TTFC was pilot tested and amended for any noted problems. The final version of the A-TTFC was administered to 397 typically developing Jordanian children, age range 3;0-12;11 (years; months). Children were purposefully sampled from randomly selected schools in Amman, Jordan. Another 35 bilingual children, age range 6;0-12;11, participated in the bilingual validation of the A-TTFC.
Results: Construct validity of the A-TTFC was tested using factor analysis. Factor analysis results indicated that loadings of the items on the A-TTFC were similar to the English version item loadings. Alpha-coefficients for each test section varied from 0.78 to 0.94. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) scores from bilingual children supported bilingual validity of the test > 0.80. ICC between scores for repeated assessments varied from 0.76 to 0.90 supporting test-retest reliability.
Conclusions & Implications: The results support the appropriateness of using A-TTFC in assessing Arabic-speaking children with receptive language problems.
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