By the indirect immunofluorescence method it was shown to which epithelial thymus structures monoclonal antibodies (mAT) reacting with the different epidermal structures are directed. These mAT related to the autoantibodies were obtained earlier, as a result of lymphoid cells polyclonal activation, by the immunization of BALB/c mice with streptococcal group A nonspecific protein antigens of the cell wall. It was shown that mAT A6/1, reacting with the basal layer of the skin epithelium are directed to the epithelium of the cortical and medullar thymus zones, which is regarded as the so called endocrinal epithelium. These mAT, by the study with immunoblotting method, react with the protein of mV SOkD, B5/1 mAT to the skin epithelium, on the thymus sections react with the single cells around the Hassel bodies.
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BMC Infect Dis
January 2025
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Anting Hospital of Jiading District, 1060 Hejing Road, Anting Town, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201805, China.
Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The increase in antimicrobial resistance in respiratory pathogens poses a major challenge to the effective management of these infections.
Objective: To investigate the distribution of major pathogens of RTIs and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in a tertiary care hospital and to develop a mathematical model to explore the relationship between pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance.
mSphere
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Unlabelled: During infection, bacterial pathogens rely on secreted virulence factors to manipulate the host cell. However, in gram-positive bacteria, the molecular mechanisms underlying the folding and activity of these virulence factors after membrane translocation are not clear. Here, we solved the protein structures of two secreted parvulin and two secreted cyclophilin-like peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) ATP-independent chaperones found in gram-positive streptococcal species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfect Immun
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Streptococcal pyogenic exotoxins (Spe proteins) secreted by (group A , GAS) are responsible for scarlet fever and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Most Spes are superantigens that cause excessive inflammation by activating large numbers of T cells. However, Streptococcal pyogenic exotoxin B (SpeB) is an exception, which is pro-inflammatory through its protease activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Microbiol Rev
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Allergy/Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
SUMMARY (the "pneumococcus") is a significant human pathogen. The key determinant of pneumococcal fitness and virulence is its ability to produce a protective polysaccharide (PS) capsule, and anti-capsule antibodies mediate serotype-specific opsonophagocytic killing of bacteria. Notably, immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has effectively reduced the burden of disease caused by serotypes included in vaccines but has also spurred a relative upsurge in the prevalence of non-vaccine serotypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Oral Implants Res
January 2025
Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Periimplant Diseases (ETEP) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
Aim: To evaluate in vitro the antibacterial efficacy and cytocompatibility of different implant-decontamination methods, using both 2D and 3D peri-implant mucosa models.
Methods: Four decontamination methods [chlorhexidine (CHX), electrolytic treatment (GS), curcumin (CUR), xanthohumol (XN)] were compared in four independent experiments, three with a 2D peri-implant mucosa model on titanium surfaces and another on a 3D peri-implant mucosa model. These decontamination procedures were tested for their antibacterial effect using a multispecies biofilm model with Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella dispar, and Porphyromonas gingivalis for 24 h.
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