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Inflammation-associated alterations to the intestinal microbiota reduce colonization resistance against non-typhoidal Salmonella during concurrent malaria parasite infection. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Childhood malaria increases the risk of infections from non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) in sub-Saharan Africa, potentially due to hemolytic anemia and altered immune responses.
  • A study using mice showed that infection with the malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii causes inflammation in the intestines, regardless of the gut microbiota's presence.
  • The malaria infection weakens the mice's ability to resist colonization by Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, suggesting that malaria changes the gut microbiome and may contribute to increased susceptibility to broader NTS infections.

Article Abstract

Childhood malaria is a risk factor for disseminated infections with non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) in sub-Saharan Africa. While hemolytic anemia and an altered cytokine environment have been implicated in increased susceptibility to NTS, it is not known whether malaria affects resistance to intestinal colonization with NTS. To address this question, we utilized a murine model of co-infection. Infection of mice with Plasmodium yoelii elicited infiltration of inflammatory macrophages and T cells into the intestinal mucosa and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines. These mucosal responses were also observed in germ-free mice, showing that they are independent of the resident microbiota. Remarkably, P. yoelii infection reduced colonization resistance of mice against S. enterica serotype Typhimurium. Further, 16S rRNA sequence analysis of the intestinal microbiota revealed marked changes in the community structure. Shifts in the microbiota increased susceptibility to intestinal colonization by S. Typhimurium, as demonstrated by microbiota reconstitution of germ-free mice. These results show that P. yoelii infection, via alterations to the microbial community in the intestine, decreases resistance to intestinal colonization with NTS. Further they raise the possibility that decreased colonization resistance may synergize with effects of malaria on systemic immunity to increase susceptibility to disseminated NTS infections.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4592952PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep14603DOI Listing

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