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Molecular weaponry: diverse effectors delivered by the Type VI secretion system. | LitMetric

Molecular weaponry: diverse effectors delivered by the Type VI secretion system.

Cell Microbiol

Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.

Published: December 2015

AI Article Synopsis

  • The Type VI secretion system is a common bacterial tool that injects toxins into other cells, giving bacteria an edge against rivals and host organisms.
  • The review covers how various toxins affect their targets, the bacteria's self-protection against these toxins, and how these systems evolve and spread among different bacteria.
  • Although many toxins are yet to be discovered, it's evident that those delivered by this system are powerful weapons used by bacteria.

Article Abstract

The Type VI secretion system is a widespread bacterial nanomachine, used to deliver toxins directly into eukaryotic or prokaryotic target cells. These secreted toxins, or effectors, act on diverse cellular targets, and their action provides the attacking bacterial cell with a significant fitness advantage, either against rival bacteria or eukaryotic host organisms. In this review, we discuss the delivery of diverse effectors by the Type VI secretion system, the modes of action of the so-called 'anti-bacterial' and 'anti-eukaryotic' effectors, the mechanism of self-resistance against anti-bacterial effectors and the evolutionary implications of horizontal transfer of Type VI secretion system-associated toxins. Whilst it is likely that many more effectors remain to be identified, it is already clear that toxins delivered by this secretion system represent efficient weapons against both bacteria and eukaryotes.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4832377PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cmi.12532DOI Listing

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