The results of spacelike separated measurements are independent of distant measurement settings, a property one might call two-way no-signaling. In contrast, timelike separated measurements are only one-way no-signaling since the past is independent of the future but not vice versa. For this reason some temporal correlations that are formally identical to nonclassical spatial correlations can still be modeled classically. We propose a new formulation of Bell's theorem for temporal correlations; namely, we define nonclassical temporal correlations as the ones which cannot be simulated by propagating in time the classical information content of a quantum system given by the Holevo bound. We first show that temporal correlations between results of any projective quantum measurements on a qubit can be simulated classically. Then we present a sequence of general measurements on a single m-level quantum system that cannot be explained by propagating in time an m-level classical system and using classical computers with unlimited memory.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.120404 | DOI Listing |
J Shoulder Elbow Surg
January 2025
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Introduction: Shoulder and elbow surgery fellowships in the United States are recognized for their academic emphasis, yet the correlation between an applicant's research productivity and fellowship match results remains unclear. This study (1) analyzed temporal trends in research productivity among matched fellowship applicants, (2) evaluated the influence of quantity of publications and first authorships on match positions, and (3) investigated program variations in research productivity.
Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of data from the San Francisco (SF) Match Database for shoulder and elbow surgery applicants matched between 2017 and 2024.
J Neurosci Methods
January 2025
Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
Background: Neuronal activity is modulated by behavior and cognitive processes. The combination of several neurotransmitter systems, acting directly or indirectly on specific populations of neurons, underlie such modulations. Most studies with non-human primates (NHPs) fail to capture this complexity, partly due to the lack of adequate methods for reliably and simultaneously measuring a broad spectrum of neurotransmitters while the animal engages in behavioral tasks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychiatry Res Neuroimaging
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Address: 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
The left posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology and core symptoms of schizophrenia, although its structural connectivity has not yet been systematically investigated. Here, we aimed to evaluate its white matter (WM) connectivity with Broca's area, the thalamus, and the right pSTG. Eighty-three patients with schizophrenia and 141 healthy controls underwent diffusion-weighted imaging and T1-weighted three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
January 2025
School of Figheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA. Electronic address:
Thirteen elements were measured in 76 surface grab sediment samples and 90 segments of four cores from Lakes Erie and Ontario. By combining the data obtained previously from Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron, the spatial distribution, temporal trends, major influencing factors, anthropogenic enrichments, categorization, and ecological risks of target metals in sediment were evaluated for the Great Lakes region. Regionwide, Lake Ontario had the highest median concentrations for Ag, As, Cd, Zn, and Pb, while the highest Cr concentration was found in the Western Basin of Lake Erie.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCortex
December 2024
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
The human visual system is tuned to symmetry, and the neural response to visual symmetry has been well studied. One line of research measures an Event Related Potential (ERP) component called the Sustained Posterior Negativity (SPN). Amplitude is more negative at posterior electrodes when participants see symmetrical patterns compared to asymmetrical patterns.
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