During meiosis, one round of genome duplication is followed by two rounds of chromosome segregation, resulting in the halving of the genetic complement and the formation of haploid reproductive cells. In most organisms, intimate juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes and homologous recombination during meiotic prophase are required for meiotic success. Here we present a general protocol for visualizing chromosomal proteins and homolog interaction on surface-spread nuclei and a widely used protocol for analyzing meiotic recombination based on an engineered hotspot referred to as HIS4::LEU2.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot085050 | DOI Listing |
Int J Biol Macromol
December 2024
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China. Electronic address:
Host plants and various fungicides combat plant pathogens by triggering the release of excessive ROS, leading to DNA damage and subsequent cell death. The mechanisms by which the Phytophthora sojae mitigates ROS stress induced by plant immune responses and fungicides are not well understood. This study investigates the role of PsPARP1A-mediated poly (ADP-ribosylation) (PARylation) in ROS-induced DNA damage responses (DDR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Physiol
December 2024
Arameiosis Lab, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China.
Heat interferes with multiple meiotic processes, leading to genome instability and sterility in flowering plants, including many crops. Despite its importance for food security, the mechanisms underlying heat tolerance of meiosis are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed different meiotic processes in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions Columbia (Col) and Landsberg erecta (Ler), their F1 hybrids, and the F2 offspring under heat stress (37°C).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
November 2024
Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, IBFG, CSIC-USAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
The cell cycle, essential for growth, reproduction, and genetic stability, is regulated by a complex network of cyclins, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs), phosphatases, and checkpoints that ensure accurate cell division. CDKs and phosphatases are crucial for controlling cell cycle progression, with CDKs promoting it and phosphatases counteracting their activity to maintain balance. The nucleolus, as a biomolecular condensate, plays a key regulatory role by serving as a hub for ribosome biogenesis and the sequestration and release of various cell cycle regulators.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends Genet
December 2024
Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. Electronic address:
Meiotic cells introduce numerous programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) into their genome to stimulate crossover recombination. DSB numbers must be high enough to ensure each homologous chromosome pair receives the obligate crossover required for accurate meiotic chromosome segregation. However, every DSB also increases the risk of aberrant or incomplete DNA repair, and thus genome instability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Biotechnol J
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
The interaction dynamics of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, such as recognition, pairing, synapsis, recombination, and segregation are vital for species fertility and genetic diversity within populations. Meiotic crossover (CO), a prominent feature of meiosis, ensures the faithful segregation of homologous chromosomes and enriches genetic diversity within a population. Nevertheless, visually distinguishing homologous chromosomes and COs remains an intractable challenge in cytological studies, particularly in non-model or plants with small genomes, limiting insights into meiotic dynamics.
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