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High Proportion of Asymptomatic Infections in an Outbreak of Hepatitis E Associated With a Spit-Roasted Piglet, France, 2013. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - On December 11, 2013, three cases of hepatitis E were linked to a wedding meal featuring a spit-roasted piglet, whose stuffing included raw liver, prompting an investigation into the source of contamination.
  • - A study involving 98 participants revealed that 17 cases of hepatitis E were identified, with 70.6% being asymptomatic, and acute infection was significantly associated with the consumption of the piglet stuffing.
  • - The outbreak was traced to undercooked pig liver stuffing, with the virus also found in the farm's liquid manure and the island's untreated wastewater, indicating the participants acted as temporary reservoirs for the virus.

Article Abstract

Background: On 11 December 2013, 3 clustered cases of hepatitis E were reported on a French coastal island. Individuals had taken part in a wedding meal that included a spit-roasted piglet. The piglet had been stuffed with a raw stuffing partly made from the liver. Investigations were carried out to identify the vehicle of contamination and evaluate the dispersion of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the environment.

Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 98 wedding participants who were asked to give a blood sample. Cases were identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and serological tests. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 38 blood-sampled participants after the exclusion of 14 participants with evidence of past HEV infection. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated based on food consumed at the wedding meal using univariate and multivariable Poisson regressions. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to compare the clinical HEV strains. Strains were detected in the liquid manure sampled at the farm where the piglet was born and in the untreated island wastewater.

Results: Seventeen cases were identified, 70.6% were asymptomatic. Acute HEV infection was independently associated with piglet stuffing consumption (RR = 1.69 [1.04-2.73], P = .03). Of clinical strains from the index cases, veterinary and environmental HEV strains were identical.

Conclusions: Our investigation attributed this large HEV outbreak to the consumption of an undercooked pig liver-based stuffing. After infection, the cases became a temporary reservoir for HEV, which was detected in the island's untreated wastewater.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ862DOI Listing

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