Objective: A frequent problem for interlocking nailing that affects the treatment of the fracture is locking screw deformation. The aim of this study is to determine whether bending resistance is different between high, low, and unthreaded locking screws of interlocking femoral nails.
Methods: Ninety screws were used in this experimental study, with 10 screws used in each of 9 groups. Three-point bending tests were performed on 6 groups of 5 mm screws (titanium, stainless steel, crossed with unthreaded, low threaded, and high threaded) and the same 3 thread types of 5.5 mm stainless steel screws in a 30-mm inner diameter steel tube, imitating the level of the lesser trochanter. An axial compressor was used to determine the yield points for permanent deformation in the locking screws by way of 3-point bending tests.
Results: The mean yield point value of the 3-point bending tests of 5-mm low threaded stainless steel locking screws was 2071 N, 53% less than that of unthreaded screws (3169 N). The mean yield point value of 5-mm high threaded stainless steel locking screws was 556 N, 272% less than that of low threaded screws (2071 N).
Conclusion: To avoid locking screw deformation, high threaded screws must not be used as locking screws. In cases of unreliable patients, 5-mm low threaded screws should not be used in the nailing of comminuted or oblique femur shaft fractures. All 5-mm unthreaded screws and 5.5-mm low threaded stainless steel screws can be used safely in full weight-bearing conditions of unreliable patients.
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