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The performance of error correction protocols are necessary for understanding the operation of potential quantum computers, but this requires physical error models that can be simulated efficiently with classical computers. The Gottesmann-Knill theorem guarantees a class of such error models. Of these, one of the simplest is the Pauli twirling approximation (PTA), which is obtained by twirling an arbitrary completely positive error channel over the Pauli basis, resulting in a Pauli channel. In this work, we test the PTA's accuracy at predicting the logical error rate by simulating the 5-qubit code using a 9-qubit circuit with realistic decoherence and unitary gate errors. We find evidence for good agreement with exact simulation, with the PTA overestimating the logical error rate by a factor of 2 to 3. Our results suggest that the PTA is a reliable predictor of the logical error rate, at least for low-distance codes.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4588586 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep14670 | DOI Listing |
PNAS Nexus
March 2025
State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
Quantum computers face significant challenges from quantum deviations or coherent noise, particularly during gate operations, which pose a complex threat to the efficacy of quantum error correction (QEC) protocols. Here we scrutinize the performance of the topological toric code in 2D under the dual influence of stochastic noise and quantum deviations, especially during the critical phases of initial state preparation and error detection facilitated by multiqubit entanglement gates. By mapping the multiround error detection protocol-from the inception of an imperfectly prepared code state via imperfect stabilizer measurements-to a statistical mechanical model (3D gauge theory coupled with 2D gauge theory), we establish a link between the error threshold and the model's phase transition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFISA Trans
March 2025
School of Automation, Harbin University of Science and Technology, 150080, Harbin, China. Electronic address:
Guidance and control of multiple unmanned surface vehicles (Multi-USVs) present many challenges due to their under-actuation and the unknown environmental disturbance. This research addresses the formation guidance and control problems of multi-USVs by designing a global fixed-time constrained guidance and control formation approach. First, a global fixed-time control Lyapunov function (GFCLF) is proposed using an innovative shift function to deal with the fixed-time output partial constraint.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
March 2025
Electrical and Information Engineering College, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China.
SOC prediction is of great value to electric vehicle status assessment. Informer model is better than other models in SOC prediction, but there is still a gap in practical application. Therefore, based on the health assessment algorithm, a new optimized Informer model is proposed to predict SOC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeerJ Comput Sci
January 2025
College of Physical Education, Luoyang Normal University, Henan, China.
In recent years, growth in technology has significantly impacted various industries, including sports, health, e-commerce, and agriculture. Among these industries, the sports sector is experiencing significant transformation, which needs support in accurately monitoring athlete predicting and performance injuries arising due to traditional methods' limitations. Keeping the above in mind, in this article, we present the Intelligent Sports Management System (ISMS) with the integration of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and neural networks (NNs), which enhance athlete monitoring and injury prediction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNano Lett
March 2025
Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands.
Due to stringent thermal budgets in cryogenic technologies such as superconducting quantum computers and sensors, electronic building blocks that simultaneously offer low energy consumption, fast switching, low error rates, a small footprint, and simple fabrication are pivotal for large-scale devices. Here, we demonstrate a superconducting switch with attojoule switching energy, high speed (pico-second rise/fall times), and high integration density (on the order of 10 μm per switch). It consists of a superconducting nanochannel and a metal heater separated by an insulating silica layer.
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