The term gene amplification refers to an increase in copy number of a gene. Upregulation of gene expression through amplification is a general mechanism to increase gene dosage. Oncogene amplifications have been shown in solid human cancers and they are often associated with progression of cancer. Defining oncogene amplification is useful since it is used as a prognostic marker in clinical oncology nowadays, especially v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (HER2) targeted agents are used in breast cancer patients with high level of HER2 overexpression as a therapeutic approach. However, patients without HER2 overexpression do not appear to benefit from these agents. We concluded that determination of oncogene amplification in solid tumors is an important factor in treatment of human cancers with many unknowns. We have referred to PubMed and some databases to prepare this article.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4561439 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.163641 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Endoscopic ultrasound is useful for the risk stratification of mucinous pancreatic cystic lesions: A long-term prospective study.
Pancreatology
December 2024
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Objectives: The aims of this prospective observational study were to test worrisome features on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) as a stratification tool in patients with mucinous pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs), and to assess these patients' long-term risk of adenocarcinoma and mortality.
Methods: Patients with suspected PCLs on cross-sectional imaging who underwent EUS-FNA at Sahlgrenska University Hospital between February 2007 and February 2018 were consecutively enrolled. The main inclusion criterion was the final diagnosis of a mucinous PCL.
Antitumor Activity of the PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor SCL-1 in Various Mouse Tumor Models.
In Vivo
December 2024
Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan;
Background/aim: Immune checkpoint blockade has achieved great success as a targeted immunotherapy for solid cancers. However, small molecules that inhibit programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) binding are still being developed and have several advantages, such as high bioavailability. Previously, we reported a novel PD-1/PD-L1-inhibiting small compound, SCL-1, which showed potent antitumor effects on PD-L1 tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Bidirectional Impact of Cancer Radiotherapy and Human Microbiome: Microbiome as Potential Anti-tumor Treatment Efficacy and Toxicity Modulator.
In Vivo
December 2024
Department of Oncology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic.
Microbiome and radiotherapy represent bidirectionally interacting entities. The human microbiome has emerged as a pivotal modulator of the efficacy and toxicity of radiotherapy; however, a reciprocal effect of radiotherapy on microbiome composition alterations has also been observed. This review explores the relationship between the microbiome and extracranial solid tumors, particularly focusing on the bidirectional impact of radiotherapy on organ-specific microbiome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWilms tumor primary cultures capture phenotypic heterogeneity and facilitate preclinical screening.
Transl Oncol
December 2024
Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. Electronic address:
Wilms tumors (WT) are characterized by variable contributions of blastemal, epithelial and stromal elements, reflecting their diverse cellular origins and genetic drivers. In vitro models remain rare, despite a growing need to better characterize tumor biology and evaluate new treatments. Using three approaches, we have now established a large collection of long-term cultures that represent this diversity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHSPA5-mediated glioma hypoxia tolerance promotes M2 macrophage polarization under hypoxic microenvironment.
Int Immunopharmacol
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China. Electronic address:
Background: The tumor microenvironment (TME), with hallmark features of hypoxia and immunosuppression, plays a crucial role in the progression of various solid tumors. However, the intricate interplay between tumor hypoxia and the formation of tumor immune microenvironment in glioma remains incompletely understood.
Methods: In the present study, we initially identified genes associated with tumor hypoxia and the immune microenvironment through GSEA and IMMPORT database analysis.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!