This case describes the incidental finding and surgical removal of an 1.8-kg liposarcoma in the anterior mediastinum. These tumors are very rare and would normally present with symptoms of intrathoracic compression; however, this patient was completely asymptomatic. The case presentation and treatment rationale are described along with a brief review of existing literature.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4583608PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jscr/rjv126DOI Listing

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  • Liposarcoma is a rare malignant tumor that can occur in the mediastinum, and most existing information comes from scattered reports rather than extensive studies.
  • A 51-year-old man presented with respiratory symptoms and was found to have a large mediastinal mass that was misidentified as a teratoma; after surgery, he was diagnosed with dedifferentiated liposarcoma.
  • Despite surgical intervention and chemotherapy, the patient experienced rapid recurrence and ultimately died four months post-surgery, highlighting the need for correct diagnosis and treatment strategies for this aggressive condition.*
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  • * A total of 13 cases were reviewed, revealing that EEA was the primary technique used for most tumors, particularly those located near the optic nerve, with additional approaches (TOA and EMMM) employed as needed for extraconal tumors.
  • * The results showed an 80% gross-total resection rate and a 69.2% improvement in visual function after surgery, indicating that the combined surgical methods are both safe
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  • * A case study of a 36-year-old woman showed she had worsening shortness of breath and swelling, leading to a diagnosis of a large anterior mediastinal mass that was successfully surgically removed.
  • * The significance of this case highlights the need for early diagnosis of mediastinal liposarcoma in patients with respiratory symptoms, as prompt treatment can greatly improve patient outcomes.
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  • - The case involves a 74-year-old man diagnosed with a large mediastinal dedifferentiated liposarcoma, which required extensive surgical removal of the tumor and part of the chest wall, including the sternum and several ribs.
  • - The surgery included reconstructing the chest wall using a combination of artificial prosthetic materials, specifically a titanium mesh plate and two types of mesh (ePTFE and polypropylene) for stability and protection.
  • - Six years post-surgery, the patient remains healthy, free from respiratory failure and disease, suggesting that this surgical approach effectively minimizes complications and maintains respiratory function.
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Background And Objective: Giant anterior mediastinal tumors sometimes may cause circulatory collapse and respiratory failure, known as mediastinal mass syndrome (MMS). The prediction and prevention of MMS is challenging. The aim of this study is to summarize the evaluation methods for MMS and formulate treatment strategies for giant anterior mediastinal tumors.

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