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Neurons Are Not All the Same: Diversity in Neuronal Populations and Their Intrinsic Responses to Spinal Cord Injury.
ASN Neuro
January 2025
Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Functional recovery following spinal cord injury will require the regeneration and repair of damaged neuronal pathways. It is well known that the tissue response to injury involves inflammation and the formation of a glial scar at the lesion site, which significantly impairs the capacity for neuronal regeneration and functional recovery. There are initial attempts by both supraspinal and intraspinal neurons to regenerate damaged axons, often influenced by the neighboring tissue pathology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCompensatory adaptation of parallel motor pathways promotes skilled forelimb recovery after spinal cord injury.
iScience
December 2024
Department of Neuroscience, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Center for Neural Rehabilitation and Repair, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
Skilled forelimb patterning is regulated by the corticospinal tract (CST) with support from brainstem regions. When the CST is lesioned, there is a loss of forelimb function; however, if indirect pathways remain intact, rehabilitative training can facilitate recovery. Following spinal cord injury, rehabilitation is thought to enhance the reorganization and plasticity of spared supraspinal-propriospinal circuits, aiding functional recovery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHow the Somatosensory System Adapts to the Motor Change in Stroke: A Hemispheric Shift?
Med Hypotheses
November 2024
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, IL, USA.
Previous studies found that post-stroke motor impairments are associated with damage to the lesioned corticospinal tract and a maladaptive increase in indirect contralesional motor pathways. How the somatosensory system adapts to the change in the use of motor pathways and the role of adaptive sensory feedback to the abnormal movement control of the paretic arm remains largely unknown. We hypothesize that following a unilateral stroke, there is an adaptive hemispheric shift of somatosensory processing toward the contralesional sensorimotor areas to provide sensory feedback support to the contralesional indirect motor pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDynamic lateralization in contralateral-projecting corticospinal neurons during motor learning.
iScience
November 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Article Synopsis
- Understanding how the motor cortex adapts during tasks that involve both sides of the body is key to furthering our grasp of how the brain learns and changes (neural plasticity).
- Researchers used advanced imaging techniques to study specific neurons in mice while they performed a left-right lever-press task, revealing that these neurons behave differently based on whether the movement is on the same side or the opposite side.
- The study found that these neurons not only adjust their activity patterns over time but also highlight the brain’s flexible reorganization during motor learning, which could be important for developing better rehabilitation strategies for motor skills.
An ANN models cortical-subcortical interaction during post-stroke recovery of finger dexterity.
J Neural Eng
November 2024
Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Finger dexterity, and finger individuation in particular, is crucial for human movement, and disruptions due to brain injury can significantly impact quality of life. Understanding the neurological mechanisms responsible for recovery is vital for effective neurorehabilitation. This study explores the role of two key pathways in finger individuation: the corticospinal (CS) tract from the primary motor cortex and premotor areas, and the subcortical reticulospinal (RS) tract from the brainstem.
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