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An outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing serotype O103:H2 associated with unpasteurized soft cheese, England and Wales, 2022.
Epidemiol Infect
January 2025
Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Safety (One Health) Division, Clinical and Public Health Group, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
In July 2022, a genetically linked and geographically dispersed cluster of 12 cases of Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) O103:H2 was detected by the UK Health Security Agency using whole genome sequencing. Review of food history questionnaires identified cheese (particularly an unpasteurized brie-style cheese) and mixed salad leaves as potential vehicles. A case-control study was conducted to investigate exposure to these products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGaps in the ethical governance of pharmaceutical clinical trials in Europe.
Front Med (Lausanne)
January 2025
Gispen4Regulatory Science Consultancy, Bilthoven, Netherlands.
The ethical governance of pharmaceutical clinical trials in Europe, particularly under Regulation 536/2014, is intended to ensure the safety, rights, and well-being of participants. Despite this regulatory framework, significant gaps in ethical oversight remain. This paper identifies five key deficiencies: (1) European regulations only partially address ethical imperatives set by international guidelines, thereby restricting the ethical mandate of relevant entities; (2) the role of research ethics committees is largely limited to pre-approval activities, reducing continuous oversight during trials; (3) GCP inspectors operate within a narrow scope regarding ethical oversight, which limits their ability to identify a broad range of unethical practices; (4) there is insufficient transparency and collaboration between RECs and regulators, specifically GCP inspectorates, leading to fragmented oversight; and (5) there is minimal integration of ethical findings into the marketing authorization decision process by entities such as clinical assessors and the CHMP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSociodemographic characteristics and vaping motives as potential correlates of early vaping initiation.
Front Public Health
January 2025
Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Background: Vaping's popularity has particularly increased among young people, with its prevalence varying across different regions, including the Middle East. The health impacts of vaping, especially when initiated early, are a growing concern.
Aims: This study aimed to investigate the correlates of early vaping initiation (EVI) and explored the sociodemographic characteristics and vaping motives influencing EVI among vapers from Arab countries.
Traditional Chinese medicine trade among RCEP countries: structural characteristics and determinants.
Front Public Health
January 2025
School of Economics and Management, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
Background: With the increasing global focus on health and the growing popularity of natural therapies, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) products, including extracts, crude drugs, and herbal preparations, are widely utilized as both primary and complementary medicines worldwide. The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), spanning 15 countries across East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania, offers a vast market for TCM. However, limited research has been conducted on the complex trade relations among RCEP members.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChanges in coverage stability and churning for private, individual insurance under the Affordable Care Act.
Health Aff Sch
January 2025
Center for Financing, Access and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 5600 Fishers Lane, Mail Stop 07W41A, Rockville, MD 20857, United States.
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) transformed the market for individual insurance. Using the 2-year panels of the Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey covering the 2002-2022 period and controlling for the business cycle and other factors, we find the share of nonelderly adults enrolled in individual insurance doubled under the ACA. The percentage of adults covered by individual insurance 1-23 months more than doubled, and the percentage with at least 24 months rose 80% in states that did not expand Medicaid.
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