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Major depressive disorder (MDD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) show substantial overlap in both affective symptom expression and in regional brain volume reduction. To address the specificity of structural brain change for the respective diagnostic category, we investigated structural networks in MDD and BPD to identify shared and distinct patterns of abnormal brain volume associated with these phenotypically related disorders. Using magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T, we studied 22 females with MDD, 17 females with BPD and without comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder, and 22 age-matched female healthy controls. We used “source-based morphometry” (SBM) to investigate naturally grouping patterns of gray matter volume variation (i.e. “structural networks”) and the magnitude of their expression between groups. SBM identified three distinct structural networks which showed a significant group effect (p b 0.05, FDR-corrected). A bilateral frontostriatal network showed reduced volume in MDD compared to both controls and BPD patients. A medial temporal/medial frontal network was found to be significantly reduced in BPD compared to both controls and MDD patients. Decreased cingulate and lateral prefrontal volume was found in both MDD and BPD when compared to healthy individuals. In MDD significant relationships were found between depressive symptoms and a cingulate/lateral prefrontal structural pattern. In contrast, overall BPD symptoms and impulsivity scores were significantly associated with medial temporal/medial frontal network volume. The data suggest both distinct and common patterns of abnormal brain volume in MDD and BPD. Alterations of distinct structural networks differentially modulate clinical symptom expression in these disorders.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.09.007 | DOI Listing |
J Control Release
December 2024
Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Electronic address:
It has recently been recognized that the physical characteristics of biomaterials - such as size, structure, shape, charge, mechanical strength, hydrophobicity, and multivalency - regulate immunological functions in innate immune cells. In immuno-oncology applications, biomaterials are engineered with distinct physical properties to achieve desired innate immune responses. In this review, we discuss how physical characteristics influence effector functions and innate immune signaling pathways in distinct innate immune cell subtypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacol Ther
December 2024
Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States. Electronic address:
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors in humans, playing a crucial role in regulating diverse cellular processes and serving as primary drug targets. Traditional drug design has primarily focused on ligands that uniformly activate or inhibit GPCRs. However, the concept of biased agonism-where ligands selectively stabilize distinct receptor conformations, leading to unique signaling outcomes-has introduced a paradigm shift in therapeutic development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacol Ther
December 2024
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Macon, GA 31207, United States of America. Electronic address:
Free-fatty acid receptor-4 (FFA4), previously known as GPR120, is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activated by medium-to-long chain free fatty acids (FFAs), including saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats, many of which (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids) are critical contributors to human health and disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLife Sci
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; China Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510080, China. Electronic address:
The serine protease inhibitors (Serpins) represent a diverse protein superfamily that holds paramount significance in governing vital pathophysiological processes. Their influence on critical biological pathways renders serpins highly coveted targets for drug discovery endeavors. Among the numerous members of this family, two distinct proteins, Kallistatin (encoded by the SERPINA4 gene) and Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF, encoded by the SERPINF1 gene), stand out as secreted proteins that are abundantly present in peripheral blood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThromb Haemost
December 2024
Pharmacology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a severe X-linked disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the WAS gene, responsible for encoding WASP, a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton in all hematopoietic cells except red blood cells. The mechanism underlying microthrombocytopenia, a distinctive feature of WAS and a major contributor to mortality, remains not fully elucidated. In this study, using different gene editing strategies, we corrected mutations in patient-derived WAS-induced pluripotent stem cell lines, generating isogeneic WAS iPSC lines.
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