Modulatory role of GSTM1 null genotype on the frequency of micronuclei in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the extent of genotoxic risk and the association between null GSTM1/GSTT1 and GSTP1 Ile105Val variants and cellular DNA damage, as measured by micronucleus (MN) assay in a group of agricultural workers from Denizli, Turkey. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 116 subjects, including 58 workers who were occupationally exposed to pesticides and 58 healthy unexposed controls. The MN frequencies of each individual were assessed by cytokinesis-blocked micronuclei assays on lymphocytes. Genotypes for different GST variants were determined using polymerase chain reaction-based methods. A significant 3.4-fold increase in MN frequency was observed in workers compared with the controls (p < 0.001). Among the GST genotypes, only the GSTM1 null genotype was found to be significantly associated with an increased MN frequency in workers (p = 0.01). Individuals with a concomitant null GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype demonstrated a significant (p = 0.01) increase in MN frequency compared with those with functional isozymes in the exposed worker group. The association of the GSTM1 null genotype with higher MN frequency suggests that it may be a modifier of genotoxic risk in individuals exposed to pesticides and may thus be a candidate susceptibility biomarker for human biomonitoring studies.