The role of replacing Na+ with H+ of titanate in promoting photocatalytic performance was investigated. The experimental results showed that H2Ti3O7 and Na2Ti3O7 catalysts with the same high exposed (010) facet had the similar light absorption capacity, TiO6 octahedral structure, and specific surface area. By comparing to Na2Ti3O7, H2Ti3O7 had longer lifetime and higher separation efficiency of the photo-generated electron-hole pairs, and also had higher density of surface oxygen vacancies, which resulted in the excellent performances for photocatalytic hydrogen production and dye degradation reactions.
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H2Ti3O7 was prepared as a single phase material by ionic exchange from Na2Ti3O7. The complete ionic exchange was confirmed by (1)H and (23)Na solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The atomic positions of H2Ti3O7 were obtained from the Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and neutron diffraction experimental data, the latter collected at two different wavelengths to precisely determine the hydrogen atomic positions in the structure.
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