AI Article Synopsis
- Microalgae typically produce triacylglycerol (TAG) under stress, especially nitrogen depletion, but the specific molecular mechanisms behind this process are not well understood.
- This study investigates the role of the target of rapamycin (TOR), a critical protein kinase in eukaryotic signaling, in the accumulation of TAG in the unicellular red alga, Cyanidioschyzon merolae.
- The research reveals that inhibiting TOR with rapamycin leads to an increase in lipid droplet formation and upregulation of TAG synthesis-related genes, showing that TOR signaling plays a crucial role in TAG accumulation across different types of microalgae, including the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
Article Abstract
Most microalgae produce triacylglycerol (TAG) under stress conditions such as nitrogen depletion, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we focused on the role of target of rapamycin (TOR) in TAG accumulation. TOR is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is highly conserved and plays pivotal roles in nitrogen and other signaling pathways in eukaryotes. We previously constructed a rapamycin-susceptible Cyanidioschyzon merolae, a unicellular red alga, by expressing yeast FKBP12 protein to evaluate the results of TOR inhibition (Imamura et al. in Biochem Biophys Res Commun 439:264-269, 2013). By using this strain, we here report that rapamycin-induced TOR inhibition results in accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets containing TAG. Transcripts for TAG synthesis-related genes, such as glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), were increased by rapamycin treatment. We also found that fatty acid synthase-dependent de novo fatty acid synthesis was required for the accumulation of lipid droplets. Induction of TAG and up-regulation of DGAT gene expression by rapamycin were similarly observed in the unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. These results suggest the general involvement of TOR signaling in TAG accumulation in divergent microalgae.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11103-015-0370-6 | DOI Listing |
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