We present a modelling study of processes controlling the summer melt of the Arctic sea ice cover. We perform a sensitivity study and focus our interest on the thermodynamics at the ice-atmosphere and ice-ocean interfaces. We use the Los Alamos community sea ice model CICE, and additionally implement and test three new parametrization schemes: (i) a prognostic mixed layer; (ii) a three equation boundary condition for the salt and heat flux at the ice-ocean interface; and (iii) a new lateral melt parametrization. Recent additions to the CICE model are also tested, including explicit melt ponds, a form drag parametrization and a halodynamic brine drainage scheme. The various sea ice parametrizations tested in this sensitivity study introduce a wide spread in the simulated sea ice characteristics. For each simulation, the total melt is decomposed into its surface, bottom and lateral melt components to assess the processes driving melt and how this varies regionally and temporally. Because this study quantifies the relative importance of several processes in driving the summer melt of sea ice, this work can serve as a guide for future research priorities.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0167 | DOI Listing |
Talanta
January 2025
Center for Multiplatform Metabolomics Studies (CEMM) at the Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil. Electronic address:
There is no consensus in the literature regarding the ideal protocol for obtaining and preparing cell samples for untargeted metabolomics. Nevertheless, the procedures must be carefully evaluated for proper and reliable results for each organism under study. This work proposes a novel protocol for determining intracellular metabolites in Leishmania promastigotes and is fully optimized for application in conjunction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry platforms.
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January 2025
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) is routinely used to detect the presence of seawater due to the inherent electrical conductivity of the seawater. This approach is used to infer sea-ice thickness (SIT). A time-domain EMI sensor is presented, which demonstrates the potential for correlating the spectroscopic properties of the received signal with the distance to the sea surface.
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January 2025
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN), St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
The retreat of Arctic sea ice has opened new maritime routes, offering faster shipping opportunities; however, these routes present significant navigational challenges due to the harsh ice conditions. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a deep learning-based Arctic ice risk management architecture with multiple modules, including ice classification, risk assessment, ice floe tracking, and ice load calculations. A comprehensive dataset of 15,000 ice images was created using public sources and contributions from the Canadian Coast Guard, and it was used to support the development and evaluation of the system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
Arctic precipitation plays a crucial role in shaping the surface mass balance of Arctic sea ice and has wide-ranging impacts on local climate, ecosystems, and global sea level dynamics. With the Arctic undergoing warming trends, historical data and climate models indicate a shift from primarily snowfall to a rise in liquid and mixed forms of precipitation. This study tried to explain the microphysical characteristics and atmospheric conditions associated with different forms of precipitation and their transitions.
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January 2025
Department of Geology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Massive injection of C depleted carbon to the ocean and atmosphere coincided with major environmental upheaval multiple times in the geological record. For several events, the source of carbon has been attributed to explosive venting of gas produced when magmatic sills intruded organic-rich sediment. The concept mostly derives from studies of a few ancient sedimentary basins with numerous hydrothermal vent complexes (HTVCs) where craters appear to have formed across large areas of the seafloor at the same time, but good examples remain rare in strata younger than the Early Eocene.
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