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Malaria is still a grave public health problem in tropical areas of the world. The greater genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax at geographic sites with less control over infection evidences the importance of genetic studies of these parasites. The present genetic study compares P. vivax in Nicaragua, which is still in the control phase, with this species in several other countries. In Nicaragua, P. vivax causes over 80% of malaria cases, most occurring in two remote northern regions. Plasmodium asexual blood-stage antigens, implicated in reticulocyte invasion, are possible molecular markers for analyzing parasite population genetics and for developing vaccines. The aim of this work was to investigate the genetic structure of P. vivax based on the 42kDa merozoite surface protein-1 (PvMSP-142), which may represent a sensitive marker for evaluating malaria transmission control. From blood samples of patients with P. vivax, we amplified PvMSP-142, obtained the nucleotide sequences, and compared them to homologous sequences of parasites from other geographic sites, retrieved from the GenBank. The 92 nucleotide sequences of P. vivax resulted in the resolution of eight haplotypes, six exclusive to Nicaragua. The great nucleotide diversity (π=0.020), the minimal recombination events (Rm=11), and the dN-dS values were similar to other control phase countries. FST values between parasites were low (0.069) for Nicaragua versus Brazil but higher for Nicaragua versus other regions (0.134-0.482). The haplotype network revealed five lineages: two were very frequent in Nicaragua and closely related to American parasites; three have been detected in multiple geographic sites around the world. These results suggest that P. vivax in Nicaragua is a differentiated and genetically diverse population (mainly due to mutation, positive balancing selection and recombination) and that PvMSP-142 may be a sensitive marker for evaluating sustained reduction in malaria transmission and for developing vaccines.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2015.08.040 | DOI Listing |
Salud Publica Mex
March 2023
Parasitology Department, National Centre for Diagnosis Reference, Ministry of Health. Managua, Nicaragua..
Objective: Genetic and antigenic polymorphism of P. vivax apical membrane antigen-1 (pvama1I-II) from Nicaragua was examined.
Materials And Methods: Infected blood samples from patients were obtained during 2012-2013.
Lancet Reg Health Am
June 2023
Instituto de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitología Antonio Vidal, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Human migration has shaped the distribution and patterns of infectious diseases transmission throughout history. Migration is one of the contributing factors that has played an important role in the dissemination of drug-resistant . Central America and Mexico are important transit points of an increasing migrant flow originating from countries where chloroquine-resistant .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLife (Basel)
March 2023
Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Unidad Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Luis Enrique Erro s/n., Mexico City 07738, Mexico.
Background: The serological tests using blood stage antigens might be helpful for detecting recent exposure to parasites, and seroepidemiological studies would aid in the elimination of malaria. This work produced recombinant proteins of PvMSP1 variants and evaluated their capacity to detect IgG antibodies in symptomatic patients from Mesoamerica.
Methods: Three variant genes were cloned in the pHL-sec plasmid, expressed in the Expi293F™ eukaryotic system, and the recombinant proteins were purified by affinity chromatography.
Int J Environ Res Public Health
May 2022
Parasitology Department, National Centre for Diagnosis and Reference, Ministry of Health, Managua 11165, Nicaragua.
The characteristics of recurrent episodes were examined using a centralized secondary source of malaria records in Nicaragua and in the two most affected municipalities in the RACCN. The study of 36,787 malaria cases due to or revealed that, nationwide, 3624 patients had at least one recurrent infection. This was achieved by matching names, gender, age, community/municipality, ethnicity, etc.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMalar J
December 2021
Pan American Health Organization, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Background: Central America and the island of Hispaniola have set out to eliminate malaria by 2030. However, since 2014 a notable upturn in the number of cases has been reported in the Mosquitia region shared by Nicaragua and Honduras. In addition, the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases has increased significantly relative to vivax malaria.
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