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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Background: In-vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently shown that patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) exhibit degeneration of the cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynert and its white matter (WM) projections through the cingulum and external capsule pathways. Here, we propose an imaging-pathologic validation study aimed at investigating cholinergic WM pathways using post-mortem MRI of autopsy-confirmed AD, Lewy body dementia (LBD), and other neurodegenerative diseases (OTH).
Method: We included 53 brain donors (34 AD, 10 LBD, and 9 OTH, mainly including frontotemporal lobe degeneration and vascular disease, Table 1).
Basic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Background: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), which includes cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and arteriolosclerosis, often co-occurs with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is susceptible to hosting multiple AD pathologies, such as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), amyloid-β plaques, phospho-Tar-DNA-Binding-Protein-43 (pTDP-43), as well as CSVD. Whether a causal relationship between these pathologies exists remains largely unknown, but one potential linking mechanism is the dysfunction of perivascular clearance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA., College Station, TX, USA.
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the extracellular space, which leads to various adverse effects such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, tau phosphorylation, synapse loss, and neurodegeneration. Therefore, therapeutic interventions that can reduce Aβ-toxicity and slow down the progression of cognitive dysfunction in AD have significance. One promising approach is to use extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are released by neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEntanglement microscopy and tomography in many-body systems.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Department of Physics and HK Institute of Quantum Science & Technology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Quantum entanglement uncovers the essential principles of quantum matter, yet determining its structure in realistic many-body systems poses significant challenges. Here, we employ a protocol, dubbed entanglement microscopy, to reveal the multipartite entanglement encoded in the full reduced density matrix of the microscopic subregion in spin and fermionic many-body systems. We exemplify our method by studying the phase diagram near quantum critical points (QCP) in 2 spatial dimensions: the transverse field Ising model and a Gross-Neveu-Yukawa transition of Dirac fermions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAmbient temperature and deaths from homicide in Brazil during 2010-2019: A nationwide space-time-stratified case-crossover study.
Am J Epidemiol
December 2024
Climate Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
Research Question: Previous evidence suggests a positive association between temperature and homicide, but the association was less clear in Brazil where homicide is one of the leading causes of death. This study aimed to quantify the association between ambient daily temperature and homicides in Brazil with potential lag effects and to quantify the temperature attributed fractions of homicides in Brazil.
Methods: A space-time-stratified case-crossover design with distributed lag models was used to evaluate the temperature-homicide association from 1·1·2010 to 31·12·2019 in Brazil.
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