The increasing use of multi-media applications, trial presentation software and computer generated exhibits (CGE) has raised questions as to the potential impact of the use of presentation technology on juror decision making. A significant amount of the commentary on the manner in which CGE exerts legal influence is largely anecdotal; empirical examinations too are often devoid of established theoretical rationalisations. This paper will examine a range of established judgement heuristics (for example, the attribution error, representativeness, simulation), in order to establish their appropriate application for comprehending legal decisions. Analysis of both past cases and empirical studies will highlight the potential for heuristics and biases to be restricted or confounded by the use of CGE. The paper will conclude with some wider discussion on admissibility, access to justice, and emerging issues in the use of multi-media in court.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.08.016 | DOI Listing |
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn
December 2024
Seeburg Castle University, Faculty of Management.
Contingency assessment is a major module of adaptive cognition and a prominent topic of ecological rationality. Virtually all influential theories assume that contingency estimates between Y and X are inferred from subjective conditional probabilities of focal Y levels given different X levels, p ( Y focal | X different levels ) . Yet, conditional probabilities are cognitively demanding, as Yfocal must be assessed separately for all levels of Xdifferent level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Psychol (Amst)
February 2025
Stony Brook University, United States of America.
In uncertain environments, individuals often use external cues to guide their judgments and decisions. Anchoring refers to the finding that numerical judgments often gravitate towards previously considered standards. Although an extremely robust effect, prior research on anchoring largely focused on single-anchor paradigms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSkin Health Dis
December 2024
Skin Surgery Medical Group Inc San Diego California USA.
Mohs surgeons' fallibility is an important topic to explore. There are no studies on the role of cognitive biases in heuristic decision-making within Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) as a contributing factor in mistakes or errors of clinical judgement. We reviewed established cognitive biases applied to heuristics during the pre-operative, intraoperative and reconstruction stages of MMS, and recommend conscious cognitive bias mitigating strategies for Mohs surgeons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCognition
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St, Cambridge MA 02138, USA; Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines, MIT, 43 Vassar St, Cambridge 02139, USA.
How are people able to understand everyday physical events with such ease? One hypothesis suggests people use an approximate probabilistic simulation of the world. A contrasting hypothesis is that people use a collection of abstractions or features. While it has been noted that the two hypotheses explain complementary aspects of physical reasoning, there has yet to be a model of how these two modes of reasoning can be used together.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
October 2024
Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Two experiments served to examine how people arrive at stimulus-specific prospective judgments about the distracting effects of speech on cognitive performance. The direct-access account implies that people have direct metacognitive access to the cognitive effects of sounds that determine distraction. The processing-fluency account implies that people rely on the processing-fluency heuristic to predict the distracting effects of sounds on cognitive performance.
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