A new method for the construction of five-membered spirocyclic oxindoles is based on a Michael-Mannich cascade reaction of a ketimine intermediated catalyzed by a bifunctional quinine-derived squaramide. The desired products were obtained in excellent yields (up to 94%) and stereoselectivities (up to >20:1 d.r., >99% ee). A scaled-up variant also proceeded smoothly showing that the one-pot reaction might find application in the synthesis of bioactive-compound libraries.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201506206 | DOI Listing |
J Org Chem
November 2024
School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
This report discloses a transition-metal-free [4 + 2] spirocyclization of isatin-derived β-silylcarbinols and 2-aminobenzenethiols, providing a facile approach to 1,4-benzothiazide spiroindolinones in decent yields. Control experiments indicate that 3-methylene oxindoles and disulfides are key intermediates in this tandem reaction. Moreover, the resulting products can be facilely converted into pharmaceutically significant sulfone and sulfoxide scaffolds, which further demonstrates the potential utility of this protocol.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemSusChem
October 2024
Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246, India.
Spirocyclobutyl oxindoles, characterized by their unique three-dimensional structures, are valuable building blocks for many pharmacophores and drug units. However, stereoselective synthetic strategies for these scaffolds remain underdeveloped, with most existing methods relying on transition metal catalysts and stoichiometric redox reagents. In this work, we introduce an electrochemical strain-release driven cascade spirocyclization of bicyclo[1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
October 2024
College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
The sustainable construction of spirocyclic compounds is important to the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industries. Herein, we demonstrate a carbamoyl radical-initiated intramolecular dearomative spirocyclization to access the spiro-cyclohexadiene oxindoles under visible light irradiation, which constitutes the first example of accessing the I-substituted derivatives that facilitate diversified transformations. Additionally, the scalability, late-stage modification of drugs, and significant antitumor activity of the products demonstrate the novel spirocyclic synthesis platform for expediting drug development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Org Chem
September 2024
Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Total syntheses of the title prenylated indole alkaloids together with seven others are reported. Biogenetic considerations have been employed in devising the reaction sequences leading to these targets with, in the opening stages, electrochemically-derived indole-3-carboxaldehyde being subject to an aldol-type condensation reaction involving diketopiperazine derivative . This led, after prototopic shifts, intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition and hydrolysis/deprotection steps, to the racemic forms of the bicyclo[2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
July 2024
EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
Malamides (diamide derivatives of malic acid) are prevalent in nature and of significant biological interest, yet only limited synthetic methods to access functionalised enantiopure derivatives have been established to date. Herein, an effective synthetic method to generate this molecular class is developed through in situ formation of spirocyclic β-lactone-oxindoles (employing a known enantioselective isothiourea-catalysed formal [2+2] cycloaddition of C(1)-ammonium enolates and isatin derivatives) followed by a subsequent dual ring-opening protocol (of the β-lactone and oxindole) with amine nucleophiles. The application of this protocol is demonstrated across twelve examples to give densely functionalised malamide derivatives with high enantio- and diastereo-selectivity (up to >95:5 dr and >99:1 er).
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