Outcomes of rapid corticosteroid tapering in acute eosinophilic pneumonia patients with initial eosinophilia.

Background And Objective: Studies have shown that patients with acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) and with initial eosinophilia have a milder disease than those with an initial normal peripheral eosinophil count (PEC). We investigated the effect of a rapid corticosteroid tapering strategy in AEP patients with initial eosinophilia.

Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study in patients with AEP with initial eosinophilia (n = 14) who stopped corticosteroid treatment after achieving clinical stabilization compared with AEP patients with an initial normal PEC (n = 45) who received 2-week treatment with corticosteroid.

Results: In total, 59 AEP patients were identified. The median duration of corticosteroid treatment was 4 days (interquartile ranges (IQR), 3-4) in patients with initial eosinophilia and 14 (IQR, 14-14) days in patients with initial normal PEC. No treatment failure occurred in the group with initial eosinophilia; one treatment failure case occurred in the group with an initially normal PEC. The median time to overall clinical stabilization was 3 days, and time to complete resolution of all symptoms and clinical instabilities from diagnosis was 4 days in AEP patients with initial eosinophilia. Both were significantly shorter than those) in the initially normal PEC group, which were 5 and 7 days respectively (both P < 0.001). Adverse effects were lower in AEP patients with initial eosinophilia, and additional medications to relieve adverse effects were only needed in AEP patients with initially normal PEC.

Conclusions: Rapid corticosteroid tapering may be an acceptable treatment strategy for managing AEP patients with initial eosinophilia.