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Smoking cessation and harm reduction: a systematic overview of ongoing, randomized controlled trials.
BMC Psychiatry
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
Background: Smoking remains one of the major public health threats, necessitating substantial scientific and societal interest in further developing and implementing systematic, smoking cessation trials. This review examines ongoing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on smoking cessation and harm reduction, focusing on adherence to German S3 guidelines for tobacco dependence and identifying areas needing further research and neglected aspects in the implementation of treatment guidelines for tobacco dependence.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted on the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, comprising multiple trial registries worldwide, to identify ongoing RCTs focusing on smoking cessation and harm reduction.
Facilitators and Barriers to Health Research Knowledge and Participation Among Arab/Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) Patients in the US.
J Community Health
December 2024
William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
Research examining Arab and Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) health disparities faces several research limitations. These obstacles include unrepresentative national data due to the absence of a MENA identifier on the US Census, and a lack of Arab/MENA American participant trust in surveying bodies. This research hesitancy prompts the need for targeted investigation of the barriers preventing Arab/MENA Americans from participating in health research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFManagement of Transanal Recto-Anal Foreign Body in a School-Aged Child: A Report of a Rare Case.
Cureus
November 2024
Gastroenterological Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, JPN.
Transrectal recto-anal foreign bodies are occasionally encountered in routine practice, with sexual experimentation as the most common motivation for insertion. Although most patients with recto-anal foreign bodies are middle-aged, reports in younger patients are rare. In the present study, we encountered a case of recto-anal foreign body in a school-aged child.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImproving Cardiac Rehabilitation Adherence in Patients With Lower Socioeconomic Status: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA Intern Med
September 2024
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Vermont, Burlington.
Importance: Participation in cardiac rehabilitation is associated with significant decreases in morbidity and mortality. Despite the proven benefits, cardiac rehabilitation is severely underutilized in certain populations, specifically those with lower socioeconomic status (SES).
Objective: To assess the efficacy of early case management and/or financial incentives for increasing cardiac rehabilitation adherence among patients with lower SES.
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