This article examines the relationship between childhood adversity and postdeployment new-onset psychopathology among a sample of U.S. National Guard personnel deployed during Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom with no history of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression. We recruited a sample of 991 Ohio Army National Guard soldiers and conducted structured interviews to assess traumatic event exposure, a history of childhood adversity, and postdeployment depression, and PTSD, consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition. We assessed childhood adversity by using questions from the Childhood Adverse Events Survey. In multivariable logistic models, a history of any childhood adversity was significantly associated with new-onset depression, but not PTSD, postdeployment. This finding suggests that a history of childhood adversity is predisposing for new-onset depression, among U.S. National Guard soldiers who were deployed with no prior history of PTSD or depression. This highlights the centrality of childhood experience for the production of mental health among soldiers.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00626 | DOI Listing |
Psychoneuroendocrinology
December 2024
Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address:
Background: It has been well-established that the allostatic load (AL) index, a cumulative score of multi-system dysregulation in response to chronic stress, is significantly increased at the time of a psychiatric diagnosis. However, no studies have investigated if there is an association between the AL index in childhood and the later development of mental health symptoms in young adults.
Methods: Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a population cohort from Bristol, United Kingdom, we investigated the AL index at age 9 years and the risks for mental health symptoms at age 24 years.
Dev Psychol
January 2025
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut.
Intergenerational risk within families, stemming from familial history of mental health problems and encompassing exposure to childhood adversity, poses challenges to adolescent adjustment. However, it is important to recognize that negative developmental outcomes associated with intergenerational risk are not inevitable. To better understand resilience in this context, there is a need for studies that systematically compare different models of resilience.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder that presents with cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, language difficulties, emotion dysregulation, and the eventual loss of motor function and death. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows early atrophy in the medial temporal lobes, which then spreads to the posterior temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and finally the frontal lobe with relative sparing of the sensorimotor cortex. Social disadvantage has been shown to have potentially additive impacts on aging trajectories.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBraz J Psychiatry
January 2025
Faculty of Medicine & Clinical Hospital/Ebserh, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Objective: To investigate the association between family adversities in childhood and depression in three follow-up visits of a cohort of Brazilian adults.
Methods: A total of 12,636 participants from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), who attended three interview/examination visits (2008-2010, 2012-2014, and 2017-2019), were included. Five family dysfunctions and the childhood family dysfunction score (0, 1, and 2+ dysfunctions) were used.
Background: Early adversity has been reported as a risk factor for dementia. Adverse maternal control (MC) during childhood is believed to impact neural developmental pathways. Here we studied the associations between adverse MC and the volume of the dorsal striatum in older adults given evidence from the childhood adversity literature of structural reductions and altered reward processing.
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