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Centrioles and centrosomes are found in almost all eukaryotic cells, where they are important for organising the microtubule cytoskeleton in both dividing and non-dividing cells. The spatial location of centrioles and centrosomes is tightly controlled and, in non-dividing cells, plays an important part in cell migration, ciliogenesis and immune cell functions. Here, we examine some of the ways that centrosomes are connected to other organelles and how this impacts on cilium formation, cell migration and immune cell function in metazoan cells.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0883-5 | DOI Listing |
bioRxiv
February 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716.
Small secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate the intercellular transport of bioactive macromolecules during physiological processes and propagation of pathological conditions. The primary cilium, a sensory organelle protruding from most non-dividing cells, transmits signals by shedding EVs called ectosomes. Although the ciliary membrane is continuous with the plasma membrane, it exhibits unique phospholipid distribution, with levels of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate PI(4,5)P high in the periciliary membrane compartment (PCMC), but low in the cilium proper and distal tip.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommun Biol
February 2025
Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
Antibiotic resistant infections kill millions worldwide yearly. However, a key factor in recurrent infections is antibiotic persisters. Persisters are not inherently antibiotic-resistant but can withstand antibiotic exposure by entering a non-dividing state.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
January 2025
Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan.
High throughput fluorescence microscopy is an essential tool in systems biological studies of eukaryotic cells. Its power can be fully realized when all cells in a field of view and the entire time series can be accurately localized and quantified. These tasks can be mapped to the common paradigm in computer vision: instance segmentation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Sterile alpha motif (SAM) and histidine-aspartate (HD) domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) inhibits HIV-1 replication in non-dividing cells by reducing the intracellular dNTP pool. SAMHD1 enhances spontaneous apoptosis in cells, but its effects on HIV-1-induced apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here we uncover a new mechanism by which SAMHD1 enhances HIV-1-induced apoptosis in monocytic cells through the mitochondrial pathway.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Cell proliferation is a fundamental characteristic of organisms, driven by the holistic functions of multiple proteins encoded in the genome. However, the individual contributions of thousands of genes and the millions of protein molecules they express to cell proliferation are still not fully understood, even in simple eukaryotes. Here, we present a genome-wide translation map of cells during proliferation in the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, based on the sequencing of ribosome-protected messenger RNA fragments.
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