In the article there are considered the environmental and biological prerequisites for the dynamics of hemorrnagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) morbidity rate in the population of the city of Naberezhnye Chelny and the municipal districts located in the north-eastern part of the Republic of Tatarstan, a subdivision of Russian Federation. The territory of the Republic of Tatarstan is included into the body of Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation and is located within the boundaries in coniferous taiga and temperate forests, forest-steppe and steppe geographical areas. The endowment of large forests as well as weather and climatic conditions play an important role in the activity and rhythmicity of this natural focal viral infection, the virus carriers of which are mouse-like rodents. The virus belongs to the family Bunyaviridae and is a representative of the genus Hantavirus. On the base of the epidemiological and clinical data of State Autonomous Healthcare Institution "Naberezhno-Chelninskaya Infectious Diseases Hospital" there was performed the analysis of seasonal and the long-term HFRS morbidity rate from 2008 to 2012 with consideration of age and gender cohorts during the period from 2008 to 2012. There were shown both the seasonal character of the development of infectious disease and its unstable rhythmicity in the long-term dynamics. The most number of cases was observed in the summer-autumn period. 84,32% out of all disease cases were occurred in the male population, adults' morbidity rate was averagely 28 times more than the children's morbidity rate, which was due to the more frequent stay in the foci of the virus circulation. In the long-term dynamics the fever development is indirectly related with the weather and climate conditions of the whole region that influence on biology and the dynamics of rodents' population. So 2010 was differed by anomalously hot summer that led to a significant reduction in the number of the disease cases among the human population of the area.
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