Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
Published: October 2015
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
The process of redirecting ions through 90° turns and 'tee' switches utilizing Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM) was evaluated at 4 Torr pressure using SIMION simulations and theoretical methods. The nature of pseudo-potential in SLIM-tee structures has also been explored. Simulations show that 100% transmission efficiency in SLIM devices can be achieved with guard electrode voltages lower than ∼10 V. The ion plume width in these conditions is ∼1.6 mm while at lower guard voltages lead to greater plume widths. Theoretical calculations show marginal loss of ion mobility resolving power (<5%) during ion turn due to the finite plume widths (i.e. race track effect). More robust SLIM designs that reduce the race track effect while maximizing ion transmission are also reported. In addition to static turns, the dynamic switching of ions into orthogonal channels was also evaluated both using SIMION ion trajectory simulations and experimentally. Simulations and theoretical calculations were in close agreement with experimental results and were used to develop more refined SLIM designs.
Asymmetric synthesis relies on seamless transmission of stereochemical information from a chiral reagent/catalyst to a prochiral substrate. The disruption by substrates' structural changes presents a hurdle in innovating generality-oriented asymmetric catalysis. Here, we report a strategy for substrate adaptability by exploiting a fundamental physicochemical phenomenon-ion hydration, in developing remote desymmetrization to access P-stereogenic triarylphosphine oxides and sulfides.
The apical dendrites of human L2/3 pyramidal neurons are capable of performing XOR computation by modulating the amplitude of dendritic calcium action potentials (dCaAPs) mediated by calcium ions. What influences this particular function? There is still no answer to this question. In this study, we employed a rational and feasible reduction method to successfully derive simplified models of human L2/3 pyramidal neurons while preserving their detailed functional properties.
larvae exhibit rolling motor behavior as an escape response to avoid predators and painful stimuli. We introduce an accessible method for applying optogenetics to study the motor circuits driving rolling behavior. For this, we simultaneously implement the Gal4-UAS and LexA-Aop binary systems to express two distinct optogenetic channels, GtACR and Chrimson, in motor neuron (MN) subsets and rolling command neurons (Goro), respectively.
Electron transfer is at the heart of many fundamental physical, chemical, and biochemical processes essential for life. The exact simulation of these reactions is often hindered by the large number of degrees of freedom and by the essential role of quantum effects. Here, we experimentally simulate a paradigmatic model of molecular electron transfer using a multispecies trapped-ion crystal, where the donor-acceptor gap, the electronic and vibronic couplings, and the bath relaxation dynamics can all be controlled independently.
Molecule-electrode interactions are critical for determining transport mechanisms and device functionalities in both single-molecule electrochemistry and electronics. Crucial factors such as anchoring groups and local fields have been studied, but the role of electrolytes and interfacial charge distribution remains largely underexplored. The present research focuses on how the interfacial charge distribution in the electric double layer (EDL) controls single-molecule junctions anchored by azulene.
