AI Article Synopsis
- Hox and ParaHox genes are crucial for shaping the body axis in Bilateria, but their exact function in Cnidarians is unclear due to limited research.
- This study uses Hydra, a Cnidarian, to investigate Hox-like genes and identifies six genes, revealing connections to Bilaterian Hox genes.
- Findings show that Cnidarian Hox-like genes, particularly Hox1_HVUL, are involved in key developmental processes, but there is no unified Hox-code in Cnidaria as seen in Bilateria.
Article Abstract
Hox and ParaHox genes play decisive roles in patterning the anterior-posterior body axis in Bilateria. Evolutionary origin of Hox genes and primary body axis predate the divergence of Bilateria and Cnidaria. However, function of Cnidarian Hox-like genes and their regulation in axis determination is obscure due to studies limited to a few representative model systems. Present investigation is conducted using Hydra, a Hydrozoan member of phylum Cnidaria, to gain insights into the roles of Cnidarian Hox-like genes in primary axis formation. Here, we report identification of six Hox-like genes from our in-house transcriptome data. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes shows bilaterian counterparts of Hox1, Gsx and Mox. Additionally, we report CnoxB_HVUL, CnoxC2_HVUL and CnoxC3_HVUL belonging to two Cnidarian specific groups. In situ hybridization analysis of Hydra homologues provided important clues about their possible roles in pattern formation of polyps and bud development. Specifically, Hox1_HVUL is regulated by Wnt signaling and plays critical role in head formation. Collating information about expression patterns of different Hox-like genes from previous reports and this study reveals no conformity within Cnidaria. Indicating that unlike in Bilateria, there is no consolidated Hox-code determining primary body axis in Cnidaria.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2015.08.005 | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- Hox and ParaHox genes are crucial for shaping the body axis in Bilateria, but their exact function in Cnidarians is unclear due to limited research.
- This study uses Hydra, a Cnidarian, to investigate Hox-like genes and identifies six genes, revealing connections to Bilaterian Hox genes.
- Findings show that Cnidarian Hox-like genes, particularly Hox1_HVUL, are involved in key developmental processes, but there is no unified Hox-code in Cnidaria as seen in Bilateria.
Homeobox genes expressed during echinoderm arm regeneration.
Biochem Genet
April 2014
Genetics Department, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain,
Regeneration in echinoderms has proved to be more amenable to study in the laboratory than the more classical vertebrate models, since the smaller genome size and the absence of multiple orthologs for different genes in echinoderms simplify the analysis of gene function during regeneration. In order to understand the role of homeobox-containing genes during arm regeneration in echinoderms, we isolated the complement of genes belonging to the Hox class that are expressed during this process in two major echinoderm groups: asteroids (Echinaster sepositus and Asterias rubens) and ophiuroids (Amphiura filiformis), both of which show an extraordinary capacity for regeneration. By exploiting the sequence conservation of the homeobox, putative orthologs of several Hox genes belonging to the anterior, medial, and posterior groups were isolated.
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