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Diagnoses and prescription patterns among users of medications for obstructive airway diseases in Finland.
BMC Pulm Med
January 2024
Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Background: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common diseases mostly treated in primary care. However, the usage patterns of drugs for obstructive airway diseases (R03 drugs) at the national level are not known.
Objective: The aims of this study were to describe (1) for which diagnoses each class of R03 drugs were used, (2) the usage pattern of different drug classes for asthma and COPD, and (3) how often these medications were used without a diagnosis of asthma or COPD in Finland.
Topical treatments for atopic dermatitis (eczema): Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials.
J Allergy Clin Immunol
December 2023
Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
Article Synopsis
- Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a widespread skin condition treated with various topical prescriptions, but their comparative effectiveness is not well known.
- A systematic review of randomized trials was conducted to evaluate the benefits and harms of topical treatments for AD, employing rigorous analysis and classification methods.
- High-certainty evidence showed that pimecrolimus and high-dose tacrolimus were highly effective, while group 5 topical corticosteroids (TCS) also significantly aided in managing AD without increasing harm.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors and lung diseases.
Adv Pharmacol
August 2023
Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Phosphodiesterase enzymes (PDE) regulate important second messengers (cAMP and cGMP) in various cell types related to respiratory diseases, making them potential treatment targets for conditions like COPD, asthma, and pulmonary hypertension.
- Theophylline was the first PDE inhibitor but has significant side effects, leading to the development of selective PDE inhibitors, with roflumilast being the only one approved for severe COPD but also having a narrow therapeutic window.
- Ongoing research focuses on creating better selective PDE inhibitors, such as ensifentrine, a dual PDE 3-PDE 4 inhaled drug that has shown promise in recent clinical trials for COPD.
Impact of the cAMP efflux and extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway on airway smooth muscle relaxation induced by formoterol and phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
Chem Biol Interact
September 2023
Division of Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address:
βadrenoceptors agonists and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors are effective bronchodilators, due to their ability to increase intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and induce airway smooth muscle (ASM) relaxation. We have shown that increment of intracellular cAMP induced by β-adrenoceptors agonist fenoterol is followed by efflux of cAMP, which is converted by ecto-PDE and ecto-5'-nucleotidases (ecto-5'NT) to adenosine, leading to ASM contraction. Here we evaluate whether other classical bronchodilators used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) could induce cAMP efflux and, as consequence, influence the ASM contractility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of roflumilast on airway remodeling in asthmatic mice exposed to or not exposed to cigarette smoke: Comparison with the effect of dexamethasone.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther
April 2023
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan. Electronic address:
Cigarette smoking constitutes a risk factor for severe asthma, which is frequently linked to remodeling of the airways. Appropriate drug treatment for smokers with asthma is uncertain because many smokers with asthma are less sensitive to glucocorticoid treatment than non-smokers with asthma. The purpose of this study was to compare the anti-airway remodeling effects of dexamethasone (Dex) and roflumilast (Rof), a selective phosphodiesterases-4 inhibitor, in smoking and non-smoking mice with asthma.
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