[Association of estrogens and selective estrogens receptors modulators: towards a renewal of the hormonal treatment?].

The life expectancy of women has risen in the past century from 48years to more than 80. The decline of endogenous estrogen production (in particular, the principal circulating physiological hormone, 17β-estradiol) at menopause (which occurs at an average of 51years) is often accompanied by a series of functional disorders that affect quality of life (QoL). This estrogen deficiency affects different tissues and results in an increase in the prevalence of various disorders, including but not limited to osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Hormone therapy for menopause is a relatively recent biomedical challenge, which underwent a downturn after the Women Health Initiative study of older postmenopausal women. We will summarize the WHI findings in the first part of this article. At Inserm unit 1048, we are working on understanding the protective effects of estrogen against the development of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes in murine models. We have also focused in recent years on modeling the impact of estrogen in thrombosis models, to attempt to clarify the complex relation between estrogen and thrombotic risk. In part II of this article, we will describe a new strategy of hormone therapy for menopause, combining estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM). We review the scientific underpinnings of this strategy, which may enable the renewal of hormone therapy for menopause.