Ghrelin is a peptidic hormone, which stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in several tissues, including pancreas. In preclinical stage of type 1 diabetes, proinflammatory cytokines generate a destructive environment for β-cells known as insulitis, which results in loss of β-cell mass and impaired insulin secretion, leading to diabetes. Our aim was to demonstrate that ghrelin could preserve β-cell viability, turnover rate, and insulin secretion acting as a counter balance of cytokines. In the present work we reproduced proinflammatory milieu found in insulitis stage by treating murine cell line INS-1E and rat islets with a cytokine cocktail including IL-1β, IFNγ, and TNFα and/or ghrelin. Several proteins involved in survival pathways (ERK 1/2 and Akt/PKB) and apoptosis (caspases and Bcl-2 protein family and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers) as well as insulin secretion were analyzed. Our results show that ghrelin alone has no remarkable effects on β-cells in basal conditions, but interestingly it activates cell survival pathways, downregulates apoptotic mediators and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and restores insulin secretion in response to glucose when beta-cells are cytokine-exposed. These data suggest a potential role of ghrelin in preventing or slowing down the transition from a preclinical to clinically established diabetes by ameliorating the effects of insulitis on β-cells.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/235727 | DOI Listing |
J Diabetes Metab Disord
June 2025
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Lycopene is a tetraterpene compound belonging to carotenoids that are widely present in tomatoes and similar products. It is known as a powerful anti-oxidant and a non-provitamin A carotenoid. Lycopene has been found to effectively improve diabetes mellitus and its complications, such as cardiac complications, disorders caused by oxidative stress, and liver and neurological disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe use of incretin analogues has emerged in recent years as an effective approach to achieve both enhanced insulin secretion and weight loss in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Agonists which bind and stimulate multiple receptors have shown particular promise. However, off target effects, including nausea and diarrhoea, remain a complication of using these agents, and modified versions with optimized pharmacological profiles and/or biased signaling at the cognate receptors are increasingly sought.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Xin'an Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, China.
Background: is a differentially expressed gene (DEG) between M1 and M2 macrophages. This study explained why it causes opposite effects in different circumstances.
Methods: Gene expression profiles of various cell subsets were compared by mining a public database.
Backgrounds And Aims: Type 2 diabetes and its complications are assumed to be major public health problems globally. Zinc is one of the elements that play a part in insulin secretion and signaling. Therefore, this study seeks the answer to the following question: "What are the effects of 220 mg zinc sulfate supplementation on the weight, blood pressure, and glycemic control of patients with Type 2 diabetes?".
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Nutr
January 2025
Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables that has demonstrated anti-cancer, anti-microbial and anti-oxidant properties. SFN ameliorates various disease models in rodents (e.g.
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