The objective of this paper was to review the risk of worsening renal function in patients with pre-existing renal impairment receiving intravenous voriconazole (IVV). Controversy exists regarding the cause and risk of renal dysfunction in patients treated with IVV. Whilst some studies implicate renally excreted cyclodextrin, a pharmaceutical formulation stabiliser, as the cause of renal dysfunction following voriconazole administration, others provide contradicting evidence. Here we analyse the available literature to gain an insight into the significance of renal toxicity in patients treated with IVV. PubMed was searched for relevant studies to December 2014. To account for publication bias, abstracts from the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, the Infectious Diseases Society of America/ID Week, and the European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases from 2008-2014 were reviewed. Bibliographies of all identified articles were reviewed and cross-referenced for additional sources. Seven retrospective studies were identified for inclusion in the review; no prospective studies were identified. Based on the available evidence, we conclude that there is no strong evidence suggesting an increased incidence of worsening renal function with IVV use. No study thus far has provided direct conclusive evidence for cellular and physiological renal toxicity due to IVV at clinically prevalent doses.
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