In this study, a highly efficient chemical vapor generation (CVG) approach is reported for determination of cadmium (Cd). Titanium (III) and titanium (IV) were investigated for the first time as catalytic additives along with thiourea, L-cysteine and potassium cyanide (KCN) for generation of volatile Cd species. Both Ti(III) and Ti(IV) provided the highest enhancement with KCN. The improvement with thiourea was marginal (ca. 2-fold), while L-cysteine enhanced signal slightly only with Ti(III) in HSO. Optimum CVG conditions were 4% (v/v) HCl + 0.03 M Ti(III) + 0.16 M KCN and 2% (v/v) HNO + 0.03 M Ti(IV) + 0.16 M KCN with a 3% (m/v) NaBH solution. The sensitivity was improved about 40-fold with Ti(III) and 35-fold with Ti(IV). A limit of detection (LOD) of 3.2 ng L was achieved with Ti(III) by CVG-ICP-MS. The LOD with Ti(IV) was 6.4 ng L which was limited by the blank signals in Ti(IV) solution. Experimental evidence indicated that Ti(III) and Ti(IV) enhanced Cd vapor generation catalytically; for best efficiency mixing prior to reaction with NaBH was critical. The method was highly robust against the effects of transition metal ions. No significant suppression was observed in the presence of Co(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) up to 1.0 μg mL. Among the hydride forming elements, no interference was observed from As(III) and Se(IV) at 0.5 μg mL level. The depressive effects from Pb(II) and Sb(III) were not significant at 0.1 μg mL while those from Bi(III) and Sn(II) were marginal. The procedures were validated with determination of Cd by CVG-ICP-MS in a number certified reference materials, including Nearshore seawater (CASS-4), Bone ash (SRM 1400), Dogfish liver (DOLT-4), Mussel tissue (SRM 2976) and Domestic Sludge (SRM 2781).
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4522934 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2015.06.006 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Characterization of the Titanium(III) Tris(alkyl) Ti{CH(SiMe3)2}3 and its Conversion to a Dimeric Alkyl-bridged Titanium(IV) Species.
Chemistry
January 2025
University of Jyväskylä: Jyvaskylan Yliopisto, Chemistry, FINLAND.
The reaction of three equivalents of LiCH(SiMe3)2 with TiCl3(NMe3)2 afforded the rare homoleptic Ti(III) alkyl Ti{CH(SiMe3)2}3 (1) which crystallized as blue needles in 32 % yield. Single crystal X-Ray data for 1 showed a trigonal pyramidal coordination geometry around titanium, which could be ascribed to weak interactions between the C-H bonds and the Ti(III) atom based on computational results. X-band EPR spectroscopy give spectral parameters consistent with the proposed Ti(III) formulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelf-Recycled electron donor resists disfavored oxidation reconstruction of Cu-based electrocatalyst for nitrate removal by charge compensation.
Water Res
December 2024
MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The excessive use of nitrate has caused environmental issues by accumulating in natural water, posing risks to human health.
- Electrochemical NO reduction (eNORR) to ammonia offers a low-energy method for removing nitric oxide (NO), but traditional Cu-based catalysts experience performance degradation due to oxidation.
- This study introduces a charge compensation strategy using Ti as a self-recycling electron donor to enhance the stability and efficiency of Cu-based eNORR catalysts, achieving a remarkable 95% NO removal rate during 30 hours of testing.
Divalent Titanium via Reductive N-C Coupling of a Ti Nitrido with π-Acids.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
August 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
The nitrido-ate complex [(PN)Ti(N){μ-K(OEt)}] (1) (PN=(N-(2-PPr-4-methylphenyl)-2,4,6-MeCH) reductively couples CO and isocyanides in the presence of DME or cryptand (Kryptofix222), to form rare, five-coordinate Ti complexes having a linear cumulene motif, [K(L)][(PN)Ti(NCE)] (E=O, L=Kryptofix222, (2); E=NAd, L=3 DME, (3); E=NBu, L=3 DME, (4); E=NAd, L=Kryptofix222, (5)). Oxidation of 2-5 with [Fc][OTf] afforded an isostructural Ti center containing a neutral cumulene, [(PN)Ti(NCE)] (E=O, (6); E=NAd (7), NBu (8)) and characterization by CW X-band EPR spectroscopy, revealed unpaired electron to be metal centric. Moreover, 1e reduction of 6 and 7 in the presence of Kryptofix222cleanly reformed corresponding discrete Ti complexes 2 and 5, which were further characterized by solution magnetization measurements and high-frequency and -field EPR (HFEPR) spectroscopy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPyrrole-Based Ti(III) and Ti(IV) PNP Pincer Complexes: Insertion of Ketones into the Ti(IV)-Phosphorus Bond.
Organometallics
October 2023
Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163-AC, A-1060 Wien, Austria.
The synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of pyrrole-based Ti(III) and Ti(IV) PNP pincer complexes are described. [P(NH)P-Pr] () reacts with [TiCl(THF)] at room temperature in the presence of NEt to afford the Ti(IV) complex [Ti(PNP)(Cl)]. This complex reacts with acetone and cyclopentanone to give complexes [Ti(PNO-Pr)(Cl)] and [Ti(PNO-Pr)(Cl)], respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTi(III) Catalysts for CO/Epoxide Copolymerization at Unusual Ambient Pressure Conditions.
Inorg Chem
September 2023
Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- Titanium compounds in low oxidation states are effective reducing agents that can be used to functionalize small molecules, but they're difficult to manage due to their reactivity.
- This research details how to create titanium(III) orthophenylenediamido species using [LiBHEt] and highlights the formation of specific heterobimetallic complexes.
- The resulting titanium(III) compounds exhibit high selectivity as catalysts for copolymerizing carbon monoxide and cyclohexene epoxide, achieving performance comparable to established catalysts.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!