AI Article Synopsis

  • Hyperplasia and hypertrophy are the key processes behind muscle growth, studied in the development of white muscle in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) through histological techniques and gene expression analysis.
  • A distinct phase of stratified hyperplasia occurs early in development but is replaced by hypertrophy by 35 days post-hatching, with new white muscle fibers being recruited starting at 60 days.
  • The genes myog, mlc2a, and mlc2b show significant expression changes at various growth stages, with myostatin (mstn1) playing a crucial role in regulating the transition from hyperplasia to hypertrophy and stimulating other muscle-related gene expressions.

Article Abstract

Hyperplasia and hypertrophy are the two mechanisms by which muscle develops and grows. We study these two mechanisms, during the early development of white muscle in Sparus aurata, by means of histology and the expression of structural and regulatory genes. A clear stage of stratified hyperplasia was identified early in the development of gilthead sea bream but ceased by 35 dph when hypertrophy took over. Mosaic recruitment of new white fibers began as soon as 60 dph. The genes mlc2a and mlc2b were expressed at various levels during the main phases of hyperplasia and hypertrophy. The genes myog and mlc2a were significantly up-regulated during the intensive stratified formation of new fibers and their expression was significantly correlated. Expression of mstn1 and igf1 increased at 35 dph, appeared to regulate the hyperplasia-to-hypertrophy transition, and may have stimulated the expression of mlc2a, mlc2b and col1a1 at the onset of mosaic hyperplasia. The up-regulation of mstn1 at transitional phases in muscle development indicates a dual regulatory role of myostatin in fish larval muscle growth.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-015-2254-0DOI Listing

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